OBJECTIVE Impact of mandatory trans fat labelling on US snack food introductions is examined. DESIGN Using label information, lipid ingredients and fat profiles are compared pre- and post-labelling. SETTING Key products in the US snack food industry contribute significant amounts of artificial trans fat. Industry efforts to reformulate products to lower trans fat may alter the overall fat p...

Password is the most commonly used authentication technique to authenticate the users on the web. Password based authentication protocols are susceptible to dictionary attacks by means of automated programs because most of the user chosen passwords are limited to the user’s personal domain. In this paper, we propose an inverse cookie based virtual password authentication protocol that preserves...

Cookie stuffing is an activity which allows unscrupulous actors online to defraud affiliate marketing programs by causing themselves to receive credit for purchases made by web users, even if the affiliate marketer did not actively perform any marketing for the affiliate program. Using two months of HTTP request logs from a large public university, we present an empirical study of fraud in affi...

Shortening is the essential component of high quality baked foods. Its effects on dough structure formation and the desired final product attributes depend mostly on its solid fat content and β' crystalline polymorphs. Saturated and trans fatty acids present in shortening pose some important negative health considerations. Hence, alternative plastic fats with lower or zero quantity of saturated...

We present new biases in RC4, break the Wi-Fi Protected Access Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (WPA-TKIP), and design a practical plaintext recovery attack against the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. To empirically find new biases in the RC4 keystream we use statistical hypothesis tests. This reveals many new biases in the initial keystream bytes, as well as several new longterm biases...

BACKGROUND Postprandial hyperglycemia is believed to affect vascular endothelial function. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of acarbose and nateglinide on postprandial endothelial dysfunction. METHODS We recruited a total of 30 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (19 men and 11 women, age 67.8 +/- 7.3 years). Patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups receiving eithe...

A diet with a high glycemic index (GI) is associated with an elevated risk for obesity or type 2 diabetes. We investigated the GI of a newly-developed fiber enriched cookie and characterized the microstructure of ingredients used. In a study with 26 non-diabetic healthy volunteers it was shown that the fiber enriched cookie has a GI of 58.9 in relation to white bread as reference. Using a conve...

PURPOSE Examine the impact of "point of decision" messages on fruit selection in a single dining hall setting. SETTING Competitive undergraduate liberal arts college in the southeastern United States. INTERVENTION "Point of decision" messages were compiled into a 35-slide multimedia PowerPoint presentation. Messages were displayed on a computer screen at a "point of decision" between the co...

In today’s World Wide Web, there exists significant economic pressure to track user activity, a development users may find objectionable. Safari’s third-party cookie policy works well to block tracking from advertisers and other pure third-party content, but is insufficient to block the multi-function tracking present in Third-party widgets such as “Like” buttons and other “social plugins” offe...

The separate and combined roles of fear and disgust in mediating phobic responding in blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia have generated considerable empirical interest. The present study aimed to replicate previous research regarding fear and disgust responding to phobia-relevant and generalized disgust elicitors, as well as to provide a novel examination of performance on behavioral approach/...