The dynamics of droplet spreading on two-dimensional wicking surfaces were studied using square arrays of Si nanopillars. It was observed that the wicking film always precedes the droplet edge during the spreading process causing the droplet to effectively spread on a Cassie-Baxter surface composed of solid and liquid phases. Unlike the continual spreading of the wicking film, however, the drop...

We present a new technique for re synthesis which combines a model for ames with a model for ame spreading. For the ame model, we show that minor changes to traditional particle system techniques exhibit signiicant improvements in realism , with little to no extra rendering costs. For ame spreading, we model physically-based evolution of the boundary between burning and non-burning regions of p...

We developed 3D simulation software of human organs/tissues; we developed a database to store the related data, a data management system to manage the created data, and a metadata system for the management of data. This approach provides two benefits: first of all the developed system does not require to keep the patient's/subject's medical images on the system, providing less memory usage. Bes...

Cortical spreading depression is a pathophysiological excitation wave that occurs during pathophysiological brain conditions such as ischemic brain infarction, migraine aura, and others. Judged from experiments in rodents, the brainstem is thought to be comparatively resistant to the generation of spreading depression. However, because spreading depression can be elicited in the brainstem of ra...

Cortical spreading depression is a pathophysiological event shared in migraines, strokes, traumatic brain injuries, and epilepsy. It associated with complex hemodynamic responses, which, turn, contribute to neurological problems. In this study, we investigated the role of canonical transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) responses elicited by cortical depression. Cerebral blood flow was ...

The migraine attack is characterized by alterations in sensory perception, such as photophobia or allodynia, which have in common an uncomfortable amplification of the percept. It is not known how these changes arise. We evaluated the ability of cortical spreading depression (CSD), the proposed mechanism of the migraine aura, to shape the cortical activity that underlies sensory perception. We ...

BACKGROUND In May 2003 the Soest County Health Department was informed of an unusually large number of patients hospitalized with atypical pneumonia. METHODS In exploratory interviews patients mentioned having visited a farmers' market where a sheep had lambed. Serologic testing confirmed the diagnosis of Q fever. We asked local health departments in Germany to identify notified Q fever patie...

Microglia are the main immune cells of the brain and contribute to common brain diseases. However, it is unclear how microglia influence neuronal activity and survival in the injured brain in vivo. Here we develop a precisely controlled model of brain injury induced by cerebral ischaemia combined with fast in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and selective microglial manipulation. We show that se...

Taste aversion was elicited in rats offered 0.1 percent saccharin (conditioned stimulus) for 10 min and then poisoned 30 min later by lithium-chloride (unconditioned stimulus - 0.14 M, 2 ml/100 g i.p.). Similar reduction of saccharin intake on the next day was obtained in rats learning the task with intact brain or under unilateral cortical spreading depression (CSD) and tested with CSD in the ...

Spreading depolarization (SD) is an important phenomenon in stroke and migraine. However, the processes underlying the propagation of SD are still poorly understood, and an elementary model that is both physiological and quantitative is lacking. We show that, during the onset and propagation of SD, the concentration time courses of excitatory substances such as potassium and glutamate can be de...