considering native modernism existence, iranian constitutional revolution can be contemplated as an exordium for cultural transition because constitutionalism movement played a significant role in transferring modern concepts to iran. this kind of perception about modernism oversees the experimental and practical events, and also provides the opportunity to survey art system shift in the contex...

ELIZABETH BONOMO Sanctionable Behavior in a Felony Level Drug Court: Categorizing Noncompliant Behavior Through a Criminal-Thinking Lens (Under the direction of DR. WENDY GUASTAFERRO) Drug courts use sanctions as a form of behavior management and modification, and they are an important structural tool in the treatment of drug ...

the decisions of the court of justice at any levels of proceeding up to its termination, to some extend indicate the viewpoints of the court and its approach towards the claims and the defenses of the parties to lawsuit. when the trial ends, the court declares its decisive resolution within the framework of a judgment, and in proportion to the type of claim object and the course of trial procee...

hearsay in common law, is a statement made out-of-court and offered in court as evidence to prove the truth of the assertion made in the statement. the hearsay rule states that hearsay is not admissible unless provided by exceptions in the rules of evidence or courts’ precedents. the test for determining hearsay is whether a statement was made out of court and is being offered in order to prove...

In an increasingly litigious society where ritual demands for accountability and "taking responsibility" are now commonplace, it is not surprising that members of clinical ethics committees (CECs) are becoming more aware of their potential legal liability. Yet the vulnerability of committee members to legal action is difficult to assess with any certainty. This is because the CECs which have be...

I wish to thank Peggy Sanner for valuable suggestions, Eleanor Davison for processing this piece, and Jim Rogers for generous continuing support. Errors that remain are mine.