To determine the value of ultrasound scanning of the craniocervical junction in neonates via a posterior approach, we examined 50 infants with normal posterior fossae, 10 with congenital abnormalities, and eight with intracranial hemorrhage. Good evaluation of the cisterna magna, medulla, tonsils, vermis, cervical cord, and central canal was possible in most cases. In nine patients with spinal ...

Craniocervical junctions in 35 abnormal and 10 normal subjects were studied with a 0.5 T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging system. Sagittal spin echo with 30 msec echo times and 500 msec repetition times constituted the most informative imaging plane and sequence. The anterior aspect of the foramen magnum was well delineated; the posterior margin was less constant in appearance. Compre...

The purpose of this review article is to summarize the epidemiology, pertinent anatomy, mechanisms of injury, and classification systems of occipital condylar fractures (OCFs), as well as their clinical presentation and screening, the importance of computed tomography (CT) for detection, and current treatment options. The authors emphasize the rate of occurrence of OCFs, which may be detected i...

To cite: Vasileiadis GT. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015211618 DESCRIPTION Neural tissue and skin are of common ectodermal origin and therefore anomalies occurring during early embryogenesis may lead to combined neuroskin malformations. Neural tube closure occurs during primary neurulation starting from the equivalent of the craniocervical jun...

4 Contents 6 List of original publications 8 Abbreviations 9 1. Introduction 11 2. Review of the literature 12 2.1. Bone metabolism and growth 12 2.2. Neurocranium and craniocervical junction 15 2.2.1. Anatomy 15 2.2.2. Prenatal development 16 2.2.3. Postnatal development 20 2.3. Osteogenesis imperfecta 23 2.3.1. Molecular basis 23 2.3.2. Clinical feature...