There is now unequivocal evidence that creatine is formed from glycine, arginine, and methionine (1). It is equally well established that creatine can be transformed into creatinine and excreted in this form by the kidneys (2). Creatine is also concerned with the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate. By a photometric modification of Folin's method, devised by Peters (3), Tierney and Peters (...

Creatine transport has been assigned to creatine transporter 1 (CRT1), encoded by mental retardation associated SLC6A8. Here, we identified a second creatine transporter (CRT2) known as monocarboxylate transporter 12 (MCT12), encoded by the cataract and glucosuria associated gene SLC16A12. A non-synonymous alteration in MCT12 (p.G407S) found in a patient with age-related cataract (ARC) leads to...

1. The distribution of creatine and the creatine-synthesizing enzymes in the animal kingdom has been investigated. Creatine was found in tissues of all vertebrates examined, and in various invertebrates from phyla Annelida, Echinodermata, Hemichordata and Chordata, subphylum Cephalochordata. The activities of the creatine-synthesizing enzymes, arginine-glycine transamidinase and guanidinoacetat...

Background: Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSC) are appropriate source of multipotent stem cells that are ideally suited for use in various cell-based therapies. It can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells under appropriate conditions. This study examined the effectiveness of co-stimulation of creatine and retinoic acid in increasing the differentiation of BMSC into GABAergic neuron-lik...

Background Nicotine, cotinine and cadmium are harmful components of cigarettes that have an effect on human reproductive function. Although the effects of cigarette smoke on male reproductive function is characterized in several articles its mechanism of action is still unknown. In the present study, we investigate the effect of nicotine, cotinine and cadmium on human sperm creatine kinase acti...

EFFECTS OF SERUM CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON MUSCLE CREATINE AND PHOSPHAGEN LEVELS. R.B. Kreider, D. Willoughby, M. Greenwood, G. Parise, E. Payne, M.A. Tarnopolsky. JEPonline. 2003;6(4):24-33. Muscle Marketing USA (Valencia, CA) has claimed that liquid ATP AdvantageTM Creatine Serum (CS) more effectively transports creatine to muscle than creatine monohydrate powder (CM). To date, no independe...

Purification of human mitochondrial creatine kinase has been difficult and procedures that were highly successful in purifying canine enzyme failed for human mitochondria1 creatine kinase. In the present study, we employed ultracentrifugation to remove the lipid, urea to prevent aggregation, followed by a final step of chromatofocusing which yielded a preparation of human mitochondrial creatine...

objective(s):in this study, we aimed at evaluation of electrophysiological and histopathalogical characteristics of statin-induced muscle injury as well as clinical features of patients who develop this condition in terms of frequency and pattern of evolution. materials and methods: forty patients (age 39-74 years) including 25 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 9 with cardiovascular disea...

Thermogenic brown and beige adipose tissues dissipate chemical energy as heat, and their thermogenic activities can combat obesity and diabetes. Herein the functional adaptations to cold of brown and beige adipose depots are examined using quantitative mitochondrial proteomics. We identify arginine/creatine metabolism as a beige adipose signature and demonstrate that creatine enhances respirati...