Impact dynamics during collisions of spheres with granular media reveal a pronounced and nontrivial dependence on volume fraction ϕ. Postimpact crater morphology identifies the critical packing state ϕcps, where sheared grains neither dilate nor consolidate, and indicates an associated change in spatial response. Current phenomenological models fail to capture the observed impact force for most...

We propose a general form for global analytic equations of state for which close to critical points, the correct universality and scaling behavior is guaranteed. A consequence of the construction is that the generally accepted belief that the dependent scaling field cannot be written as an explicit function of the relevant scaling fields without causing strongly singular behavior of the thermod...

We present two classes of nonequilibrium models with critical behavior. Each model is characterized by an integer q > 1, and is defined on configurations of q-valued spins on regular lattices. The definitions of the models are very similar to the updating rules in Wolff’s algorithm for the Potts model, but both classes break detailed balance, except for q = 2 and q = ∞. In the first case both m...

Quasicrystals are metallic alloys that possess long-range, aperiodic structures with diffraction symmetries forbidden to conventional crystals. Since the discovery of quasicrystals by Schechtman et al. in 1984, there has been considerable progress in resolving their geometric structure. For example, it is well known that the golden ratio of mathematics and art occurs over and over again in thei...

Similar evolutionary variational inequalities appear as convenient formulations for continuous quasistationary models for sandpile growth, formation of a network of lakes and rivers, magnetization of type-II superconductors, and elastoplastic deformations. We outline the main steps of such models derivation and try to clarify the origin of this similarity. New dual variational formulations, ana...

The Critical State Soil Mechanic (CSSM) is a globally recognised framework while the critical states for sand and clay are both well established. Nevertheless, the development of the critical state of sand matrix soils is lacking. This paper discusses the development of critical state lines and corresponding critical state parameters for the investigated material, sand matrix soils using sand-k...

Data Virtualization (DV) has become an important method to store and handle data cost-efficiently. However, it is unclear what kind of data and when data should be virtualized or not. We applied a design science approach in the first stage to get a state of the art of DV regarding data integration and to present a concept matrix. We extend the knowledge base with a systematic literature review ...

Social anarchism sometimes referred to as socialist anarchism is generally considered tobe the branch of anarchism which sees individual freedom as being dependent upon mutual aid. Socialanarchist consideration generally emphasizes community and social equality. Society in the modernperiod is in a critical situation of not only economy and social system, but also in the remarkableaspects of the...

Evidence is given that some particles with large charges in gauge theories, including 4d N = 4 SU(3) and 5d theories with N = 1 supersymmetry, have macroscopic entropy. The ground state entropy is found to be extensive in the charges. The mass gap for excitation is estimated and is of the same order as the binding energy. The question of the decay of excited states through Hawking radiation is ...

This paper studies motion planning from one zero velocity state to another for a three-joint robot in a horizontal plane with a passive revolute third joint. Such a robot is small-time locallycontrollableon an open subset of its zero velocity section, allowing it to follow any path in this subset arbitrarily closely. However, some paths are “preferred” by the dynamics of the manipulator in that...