A small water disinfection system based on the combination of a strong single 25 mW LED with a wavelength of 285 nm and a short quartz tube with an outer rectangular cross section is presented. For the disinfection tests clear tap water and slightly turbid and yellow pond water are contaminated with high concentrations of Escherichia coli bacteria. These water samples are exposed to the germici...

filter is one of the main components of embankment dams. by a simple but effective performance, filter protects the dam against erosion and soil scouring in impervious core caused by leakage (piping) and makes it safe. interaction between filter and erodible base soil is a complex phenomenon which is dependent upon several factors, and has challenged researchers for better understanding the fil...

A laboratory-scale membrane filtration cell was constructed to enable direct microscopic observation of microbial cell deposition and release in cross-flow microfiltration. Initial deposition rates determined from microscopic images were interpreted through an interaction force model. Experimentally derived deposition rates and model calculations confirmed that initial cell and particle deposit...

1. Effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and cardiac output were measured in osmotically loaded dogs before and during comparable acute respiratory and metabolic acidosis. 2. Urine output increased in control dogs and in animals with metabolic acidosis, but declined with respiratory acidosis. Effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate declined with respiratory ...

Free-flow and stop-flow intratubular pressures were measured in rats with an improved Gertz technique using Landis micropipets or a Kulite microtransducer. In hydropenia, average single nephron glomerular filtration rate was 29.3 nl/min, glomerular hydrostatic pressure (stop-flow pressure + plasma colloid osmotic pressure) was 70 cm H(2)O and mean glomerular effective filtration pressure was 12...

The ability of red blood cells (RBC) to undergo a wide range of deformations while traversing the microvasculature is crucial for adequate perfusion. Interpretation of RBC deformability measurements performed in vitro in the context of microvascular perfusion has been notoriously difficult. This study compares the measurements of RBC deformability performed using micropore filtration and ektacy...