Given a straight-line drawing Γ of a graph G = (V,E), for every vertex v the ply disk Dv is defined as a disk centered at v where the radius of the disk is half the length of the longest edge incident to v. The ply number of a given drawing is defined as the maximum number of overlapping disks at some point in IR. Here we present a tool to explore and evaluate the ply number for graphs with ins...

In this study, the thermal buckling behavior of composite laminate plates cross-ply and angle-ply all edged simply supported subjected to a uniform temperature field is investigated, using simple trigonometric shear deformation theory. Four unknown variables are involved in theory, satisfied zero traction boundary condition on surface without correction factors, Hamilton's principle used derive...

This article describes the development of porous two-ply channels for paper-based microfluidic devices that wick fluids significantly faster than conventional, porous, single-ply channels. The two-ply channels were made by stacking two single-ply channels on top of each other and were fabricated entirely out of paper, wax and toner using two commercially available printers, a convection oven an...

BACKGROUND Capsule and pneumolysin (PLY) are two major virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of bacterial endophthalmitis. The aim of this study is to determine whether passive immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pneumovax® 23; PPSV23) or PLY protects against pneumococcal endophthalmitis. METHODS New Zealand ...

This paper presents results of testing twelve hollow square reinforced concrete specimens wrapped with Carbon fibre reinforced polymer CFRP. The effect of ply configuration on the behaviour of the specimens is investigated. All specimens were 800mm high and had the dimensions of 200mm× 200mm in cross-section and a hollow core of 80mm× 80mm. The specimens were divided into four groups with three...

Two themes form the basis of this study on fibre reinforced laminated composites: namely 'thermal residual stress' and 'transverse cracking'. Thermal residual stresses are inherent to any composite structure and are internal stress within the structure that form during manufacture. Their formation arises from the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of the fibre and the matrix. These ...

The coupling effects between the mechanical and electric properties of piezoelectric materials have drawn significant attention for their potential applications as sensors and actuators. In this investigation, two piezoelectric actuators are symmetrically surface bonded on a cross-ply composite laminate. Electric voltages with the same amplitude and opposite sign are applied to the two symmetri...

Composites have proved their usefulness in the automotive industry during recent years. Many automobile companies use them different parts to reduce weight without hampering strength. In a composite material, Lay-up sequence and orientation highly affects properties of laminate. Therefore, it is important perform design optimization on component achieve high strength minimum weight. This paper ...

RATIONALE Antibiotic treatment of patients infected with G(-) or G(+) bacteria promotes release of the toxins lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pneumolysin (PLY) in their lungs. Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone (GHRH) agonist JI-34 protects human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-MVEC), expressing splice variant 1 (SV-1) of the receptor, from PLY-induced barrier dysfunction. We investigated w...