DRI production in tunnel furnaces sometimes encounters an incomplete degree of reduction. A model is required to tackle heterogeneous reaction rates, crucible heat transfer, and oxide morphology. Herein, a three-phase proposed based on mass conservation kinetics, describe the reduction hematite magnetite crucibles. The was implemented via Fortran program using finite volume discretization, resu...

To obtain bulk? large-sized orthoferrite single crystals with different rare-earth elements a new crystal growth technology is proposed including modified Czochralski method and using no metal crucibles for melt suspension. For this purpose two unusual Czochralski method modifications are used. In the first one the melt of crystall~zed material 1s obtained at heating the upper surface of pol~cq...

This study investigates the dissolution behavior as well as the surface biomineralization in simulated body fluid (SBF) of a paste composed of glycerol (gly) and a bioactive glass in the system CaO-MgO-SiO₂-Na₂O-P₂O₅-CaF₂ (BG). The synthesis of the bioactive glass in an alumina crucible has been shown to significantly affect its bioactivity due to the incorporation of aluminum (ca. 1.3-1.4 wt %...

Abstract The controlled splashing of metal droplets plays a decisive role in the kinetics basic oxygen furnace (BOF) process. In this work, mathematical model was developed for predicting size distribution spherical ejected at an impingement zone. Harmonic oscillators are used to describe ejection sites, and upper limit droplet population is calculated through force balance. validated against l...