7 Responses of shallow cumuli to large-scale temperature/moisture perturbations are examined 8 through diagnostics of large-eddy-simulations (LES) of the undisturbed Barbados Oceano9 graphic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) case and a stochastic parcel model. The 10 perturbations are added instantaneously and allowed to evolve freely afterwards. The par11 cel model reproduces most of the c...

To provide a theoretical basis for stochastic parameterization of cumulus convection, the equilibrium fluctuations of a field of cumulus clouds under homogeneous large-scale forcing are derived statistically, using the Gibbs canonical ensemble from statistical mechanics. In the limit of noninteracting convective cells, the statistics of these convective fluctuations can be written in terms of t...

Abstract To improve the ensemble prediction system of tropical regional atmosphere model for South China Sea (TREPS) in predicting landfalling cyclones (TCs), impacts three new implementing strategies surface and physics perturbations TREPS were evaluated 19 TCs making landfall during 2014–16. For sea temperature (SST) perturbations, spatially uncorrelated random replaced with correlated ones. ...

Parameterizations of cumulus convection for use in large scale numerical models of the atmosphere are classified according to whether they are based on an energy equilibrium principle or on a balance between the supply of mass or moisture and its consumption by convection. Though some of the most popular cumulus parameterizations are based on mass or moisture balance, I argue that energy balanc...

Responses of shallow cumuli to large-scale temperature/moisture perturbations are examined through diagnostics of large-eddy simulations (LESs) of the undisturbed Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) case and a stochastic parcel model. The perturbations are added instantaneously and allowed to evolve freely afterward. The parcel model reproduces most of the changes in th...

Abstract. Several sensitivity experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.8.1 have been performed to find optimal parameterization setup for precipitation amounts patterns around Mount Kenya at a convection-permitting scale of 1 km. Hereby, focus is on cumulus scheme, tests Kain–Fritsch, Grell–Freitas, no parameterizations. In addition, two longwave radiation sch...