The efficiency of photoelectrochemical reactions is conventionally defined in terms of the ratio between the current responses arising from the collection of carriers at electrical contacts and the incident photon flux at a given wavelength, i.e. the incident-photon-to-current-efficiency (IPCE). IPCE values are determined by a variety of factors such as the absorption constant of the active lay...

The neoclassical transport theory is applied to calculate electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) efficiency in an axisymmetric tokamak in the low-collisionality regime. The tokamak ordering is used to obtain a system of equations that describe the dynamics of the plasma where the nonlinear ponderomotive (PM) force due to high-power RF waves is included. The PM force is produced around an elect...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that offers promise as an investigative method for understanding complex cognitive operations such as reading. This study explores the ability of a single session of tDCS to modulate reading efficiency and phonological processing performance within a group of healthy adults. Half the group received anodal or cathodal ...

The basic mechanisms controlling the sweeping efficiency of propagating current sheets are investigated through experiments and analytical modelling. The sweeping efficiency of a current sheet in a parallel plate gas-fed pulsed plasma accelerator is defined as the ratio of the current sheet mass to the total available propellant mass. Permeability of neutrals through the sheet, and leakage of m...

The heart is an aerobic organ that relies almost exclusively on the aerobic oxidation of substrates for generation of energy. Consequently, there is close coupling between myocardial oxygen consumption (MV̇O2) and the main determinants of systolic function: heart rate, contractile state, and wall stress.1 As in any mechanical pump, only part of the energy invested is converted to external power....

The concept of below-threshold and above-threshold current injection efficiency of quantum well sQWd lasers is clarified. The analysis presented here is applied to the current injection efficiency of 1200 nm emitting InGaAs and 1300 nm emitting InGaAsN QW lasers. The role of heavy-hole leakage in the InGaAsN QW lasers is shown to be significant in determining the device temperature sensitivity....

Statins are mainly used as the inhibitors of enzyme 3-hydroxy-3 methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG COA) reductase which is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol. Apart from the cholesterol reducing activity they also facilitate as antiinflammatory and cardio-protective agents. Solubility is one of the main parameter for any drug to achieve the expected therapeutic effects. Since Simvastatin...

As logic systems get larger and more complex, their supply current requirements continue to rise. Systems requiring 100A are fairly common. A high current power supply to meet such requirements usually requires paralleling several power regulators to alleviate the thermal stress on the individual power components. A power supply designer is left with the choice of how to drive these paralleled ...

Nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is a critically important concept in the evaluation of crop production systems. It can be greatly impacted by fertilizer management as well as by soiland plant-water management. The objective of nutrient use is to increase the overall performance of cropping systems by providing economically optimum nourishment to the crop while minimizing nutrient losses from the ...