BACKGROUND Pulmonary sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with various clinical phenotypes. So far, there has been little information on protein patterns (PPs) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with sarcoidosis and no data are available on PPs in clinical disease subtypes. OBJECTIVES To investigate the PP of BALF from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, to ev...

OBJECTIVE Recent studies found that a chest x-ray (CXR) has limited value in the assessment of asymptomatic adults with tuberculosis (TB) infection. We aimed to determine in asymptomatic children with a positive tuberculin skin test and/or interferon-γ release assay (TST/IGRA) whether a CXR identifies findings suggestive of pulmonary TB. DESIGN, SETTING AND PATIENTS All children with TB infec...

BACKGROUND Chest CT is more sensitive than a chest X-ray (CXR) in diagnosing rib fractures; however, the clinical significance of these fractures remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the added diagnostic use of chest CT performed after CXR in patients with either known or suspected rib fractures secondary to blunt trauma. METHODS Retrospective cohort study ...

Pneumonia is the most common infectious cause of mortality in children worldwide. Chest x-ray (CXR) has been used as a supplementary mode in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children, but its frequent use might expose children to unnecessary ionizing radiation. In this review, we present up-to-date data of an alternative mode of imaging other than CXR in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children. We ...

The portable anteroposterior (AP) radiograph (CXR) is an essential component of clinical management in the intensive care unit (ICU). In view of the immobility of patients, and overlying tubes, wires, and catheters, lateral (LAT) CXRs are infrequently ordered. We constructed a portable acrylic (Plexiglas) CXR cassette holder and were able to obtain reproducible quality LAT CXRs in the ICU. Of t...

Chest X-ray (CXR) is one of the most commonly prescribed medical imaging procedures, often with over 2– 10x more scans than other imaging modalities such as MRI, CT scan, and PET scans. These voluminous CXR scans place significant workloads on radiologists and medical practitioners. Organ segmentation is a crucial step to obtain effective computer-aided detection on CXR. In this work, we propos...

The chest X-ray (CXR) is a quick and inexpensive radiological exam with judicious use of CXRs being a valuable tool in patient care, while unnecessary use increasing costs, adding to patient radiation exposure, and may be in conflict with standards of patient care 1 . Under EU Directive from 1997 on radiation protection, doctors are advised that there should be justification for every requested...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of and evaluate screening modalities for undiagnosed tuberculosis (TB) in antiretroviral therapy (ART) eligible adults in South Africa. METHODS Individuals were screened for TB using symptoms, chest radiograph (CXR) and two sputum specimens for microscopy and culture, and were then followed for <6 months to determine TB diagnoses. RESULTS Among 361 p...

RATIONALE Each year 1 million persons acquire permanent U.S. residency visas after tuberculosis (TB) screening. Most applicants undergo a 2-stage screening with tuberculin skin test (TST) followed by CXR only if TST-positive at > 5 mm. Due to cross reaction with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), TST may yield false positive results in BCG-vaccinated persons. Interferon gamma release assays exclud...

Background. Pneumothorax (PTX) still remains a common cause of morbidity in critically ill and ventilated neonates. At the present time, lung ultrasound (LUS) is not included in the diagnostic work-up of PTX in newborns despite of excellent evidence of reliability in adults. The aim of this study was to compare LUS, chest X-ray (CXR), and chest transillumination (CTR) for PTX diagnosis in a gro...