The members of the cyprinid subfamily Gobioninae, commonly called gudgeons, form one of the most well-established assemblages in the family Cyprinidae. The subfamily is a species-rich group of fishes, these fishes display diverse life histories, appearances, and behavior. The phylogenetic relationships of Gobioninae are examined using sequence data from four loci: cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxi...

Stenorynchoacrum xijiangensis, a new genus and a new species of Cyprinidae, is described from a tributary of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) in Guangxi Province, China. It can be distinguished from other genera of Labeoninae by the following characters: middle part of rostral cap undeveloped, narrow, only covering the base of the upper jaw, both sides of rostral cap well developed and extendin...

Two new species of Squalius are described from the Seyhan River drainage in Turkey: S. adanaensis from the lower part of the drainage and S. seyhanensis from the upper part. Squalius adanaensis is distinguished from the other species of the genus in Anatolia, among other characters, by having the flank scales with a dark spot on each scale pocket but covered by the posterior margin of the previ...

Fishes currently assigned to Oreichthys cosuatis from the Western Ghats are shown to belong to a closely-related group of three valid species: Puntius coorgensis, which is raised from synonymy, and two new species, O. duospilus and O. incognito. Oreichthys coorgensis can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters that include 22-23+1-2 scales in the longitudinal series w...

The genetic structure of Squalius populations from Portuguese Atlantic- and Mediterranean-type streams (assigned to six distinct morphoclimatic regions) was compared using sequences of the cytb and beta-actin genes. The drainage area was significantly correlated to all the genetic diversity indices, pointing to the need to control for this effect in comparing populations with different historie...

Genotyping of endangered species is helpful for establishing and evaluating conservation strategies. Mitochondrial sequence data was analyzed from 541 individuals of a critically endangered fish, Acheilognathus typus from present-day range-wide localities to re-evaluate an in-progress restoration program around Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma, Miyagi, Japan. Acheilognathus typus showed low sequence diver...

The evolutionary relationships of species of Danio and the monophyly and phylogenetic placement of the genus within the family Cyprinidae and subfamily Rasborinae provide fundamentally important phyloinformatics necessary for direct evaluations of an array of pertinent questions in modern comparative biology. Although the genus Danio is not one of the most diverse within the family, Danio rerio...