background and aims: immunohistochemical tests are one of the most important tests, which are under study to determine the prognosis of the cancers such as transitional cell carcinoma. by the time, flexible cystoscopy and urine cytology are the routine tests for following up the patients with transitional cell carcinoma, which are both operator dependent. on the other hand, cystoscopy is an inv...

The authors describe one case of squamouscell carcinoma of the liver, which developed in a 54-year-old male. The gross tumor was a cyst, 10 cm in diameter, with the brown contents. A histological study revealed high-grade differentiated squamous-cell carcinoma without keratinization. An immunohistochemical study showed a positive reaction with cytokeratin 19 and PCNA expression in single nuclei...

Luteolin, a flavone, has been demonstrated to have anti‑cancer properties. In the current study, the effects of luteolin on certain carcinogenesis‑associated changes induced by pancreatitis, which are significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer, were investigated. Male six‑week‑old C57BL6 mice used in the current study were divided into three groups; the control group, acute pancreatitis gro...

The recently recognized renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) associated with Xp11.2 translocations (TFE3 transcription factor gene fusions) are rare tumors predominantly reported in children. They comprise at least one-third of pediatric RCCs and only few adult cases have been reported. Here, we present a case of Xp11.2 translocation RCC in 26-year-old pregnant female. Her routine antenatal ultrasonogr...

Expression of epithelial cytokeratins type 8, 18 and 19 can be used to study smooth muscle cell differentiation during development. We studied the differentiation of smooth muscle cells in the ductus arteriosus before and during intimal thickening and compared the changes occurring in this vessel with the adjoining elastic ascending and descending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. The ductus arter...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cause of cancer-related deaths in the Western world. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a standard chemotherapeutic drug to treat CRC. However, the response rate is less than 20% and patients who have responded to 5-FU may become resistant. Therefore there is an urgent need to examine the 5-FU response proteins so that patients with no response to 5-FU...

The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which represents over 90% of cancer cases, has the highest proliferative and metastatic rate in comparison to other compartments. This study is designed determine whether small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 64 (snoRNA64) associated with initiation progression. Gene expression data from Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository have shown that snoRNA64 reduced p...