Evaluation of cytokine gene expression following in vitro stimulation is one means of examining the dysregulation of the immune system in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We have assessed differences in the immune status of non-HIV-infected (HIV-) and HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals by evaluating the kinetics of the expression of cytokine genes. We compared detailed time courses of...

background: monitoring of phenotypic characteristics of t-lymphocytes in peripheral blood is commonly performed to give the clinical parameters in the management of kidney transplant recipients.   objective: to predict rejection in renal transplantation by immune parameters. methods: 16 non-diabetic kidney transplant candidates (4 females and 12 males, age = 20-65 yr, first time transplant) wer...

recent studies have established that sex hormones directly or indirectly affect t and b cells and macrophages by manipulating the production of cytokines. in this study the possibility of the effect of 5a-dht on macrophage (mφ) nitric oxide (no) release via interleukin-l, 6 (ll-1β, il-6) or tumor necrosis factor-a (tnfα) was investigated. the endogenous cytokines il-1β, il-6 and tnf-α were neut...

the immune response to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) is influenced by several factors, of which hla antigens and balanced secretion of th1/th2 cytokines play important roles. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hla antigens on cytokine secretion by hbsag-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy neonates vaccinated with recombinant hbsag. pbmcs w...

respiratory virus infection is a major cause of asthma exacerbation. however, the underlying mechanisms of  this exacerbation  are unknown. therefore,  to  determine  the mechanisms, we examined the effect of influenza infection in a murine model of asthma.mice were divided into four groups: the phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), house dust mite (hdm), influenza, and hdm/influenza groups. the inf...

obesity is an important public health problem and major risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. adipose tissue is the major component involved in the control of the metabolism through energy homeostasis, adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity and the activation of anti-inflammatory metabolic and immune pathways. leptin and adiponectin pathways are involved in proliferation process...

The shift in cytokine profile during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression is influenced by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) level. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma DHEAS for 30 treatment-naïve HIV-infected and 30 uninfected individuals. There was a significant negative correlation of viral load with DHEAS level (P<0.05). Further studies of the use of DHEAS lev...

BACKGROUND The presence of monocyte-macrophage lineage cells in rejecting kidney transplants is associated with worse graft outcome. At present, it is still unclear how the monocyte-macrophage related responses develop after transplantation. Here, we studied the dynamics, phenotypic and functional characteristics of circulating monocytes during the first 6 months after transplantation and aimed...

inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is an irregular response of immune system accompanied with different inflammatory manifestations including alterations in cytokines. probiotics are non-pathogenic organisms with probable effects in various conditions such as inflammation. the present study hypothesized whether oral intake of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in form of probiotic yogurt may repre...

t cells have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. however, the exact role of t-cell subpopulations in this pathway is presently unknown. the purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of two lineage-specifying transcription factors gata - 3 and t - bet , which are important in t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 cell development , respectively. gene e...