Viroporins are a family of low-molecular-weight hydrophobic transmembrane proteins that are encoded by various animal viruses. Viroporins form transmembrane pores in host cells via oligomerization, thereby destroying cellular homeostasis and inducing cytopathy for virus replication and virion release. Among the Picornaviridae family of viruses, the 2B protein encoded by enteroviruses is well un...

Purpose: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains incurable in most adults. It has been difficult to provide effective immunotherapy to improve outcomes for the majority of patients. Rhabdoviruses induce strong antiviral immune responses. We hypothesized that mice administered ex vivo rhabdovirus-infected ALL cells [immunotherapy by leukemia-oncotropic virus (iLOV)] would develop robust antil...

oligoclonal bands were not found. DNA was extracted from a blood sample and analysed for mtDNA mutations using standard procedures and was negative at positions 3243, 8344, 8993, 3460, and 14484, but with a homoplasmic mutation at position 11778. Our patient had the mutation most often associated with MS-like CNS lesions and visual loss in women. Brain stem lesions have been previously describe...

Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are common neurobehavioral syndromes characterized by deficits in social interactions, impaired communication skills and repetitive stereotypic behaviours expressed by 3 years of age (1). Recent studies of these disorders indicate a strong genetic component but specific aetiologies and pathogeneses are usually unknown (1–3). Concordance for ASD is 90% in identi...

Lysozymes and hexosaminidases are ubiquitous hydrolases in bacteria and eukaryotes. In phagocytic lower eukaryotes and professional phagocytes from higher eukaryotes, they are involved in the degradation of ingested bacteria in phagosomes. In Entamoeba histolytica, which is the intestinal protozoan parasite that causes amoebiasis, phagocytosis plays a pivotal role in the nutrient acquisition an...

Background: The lipodystrophic syndrome (LD) is a disorder resulting from selective damage of adipose tissue by antiretroviral drugs included in therapy controlling human-immunodeficiencyvirus-1. In the therapy cocktail the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) contribute to the development of this syndrome. Cellular target of NRTI was identified as the mitochondrial polymerase-gam...

PURPOSE Cancers of biliary system represent highly malignant diseases of dismal prognosis. We have previously introduced AxdAdB3, an E1A, E1B double-restricted oncolytic adenovirus, which showed excellent oncolytic efficacy for approximately half of the biliary cancer lines with an enhanced safety to normal cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether RGD-fiber modification (AxdAdB3...

Introduction Myelin-sensitive quantitative MRI techniques are of growing interest in pediatric research. Amongst childhood leukoencephalopathies, hypomyelinating disorders constitute a large single category [1]. We studied five patients with defined hypomyelinating leukodystrophies using magnetization transfer (MT) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) providing parameter maps related to myelinati...

Nile virus ranges from 3 to 14 days. Two serosurveys have shown that approximately 1 in 150 infections resulted in meningitis or encephalitis, but most human infections remain subclinical. The reported symptoms and signs associated with West Nile virus infection include fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, myalgia, rash, and lymphadenopathy. The frequencies of various symptoms ...

Case Report Mrs L, aged 45 years, is a married, middleclass housewife. She was premorbidly well adjusted and had no significant psychiatric or medical history and no significant family history. She presented with a 2-month history of persistent sadness, frequent crying spells, suicidal ideation, agitation, feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness, disturbed biological functioning, and weight ...