69 INTRODUCTION It has been estimated that more than 1 million deer-vehicle crashes (DVCs) occur each year in the United States, costing the traveling public more than $1 billion.1 Some of the countermeasures that have been applied to reduce DVCs include deer fencing, wildlife crossing structures, roadside reflectors, vehicle whistles, highway lighting and speed limit reductions.2–4 The install...

background: several systemic factors and hormones are thought to regulate the fracture healing process. vitamin d has emerged as a compound or hormone that actively participates in the regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. objectives: the aim of this study is to determine the serum changes in the level of vitamin d during the acute healing period of tibial and femoral shaft fra...

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I . Cement-bone interface histology 60 II . Acrylic bone cement and the exotherm 61 III . Radiographic analysis of interfaces in total hip replacement 63 IV. Interface biomechanics in total hip replacement 63 V. Radiographic analysis of interfaces in total knee replacement 65 VI . Interface biomechanics in total knee replacement 65 VII . Biomaterials interface biomechanics 66 VIII . Ceramic/bon...

Genetic engineering (GE) is the application of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technologies to living organisms to provide new products and enhance existing ones. These products of biotechnology can include insulin and other pharmaceutical and medical applications, specialty enzymes for food production from GE microbes, and GE (also called “transgenic”) crops used in agriculture. These products of rDNA ...