in order to determine the best time of cotton irrigation in east of mazandaran province, an experiment, conducted for 3 successive years in agricultural research station of baykola. six treatments and four replications were carried out with randomized complete block designs for sahel variety. water treatments were carried out based on, i0: no irrigation, i1: once irrigation in boll opening stag...

The southeastern boll weevil, the Mexican boll weevil, and the thurberia weevil are considered to be morphologically similar but behaviorally different variants of the same species, Anthonomus grandis Boheman. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ampliÞed 9.2-kb section of the mitochondrial DNA was cleaved with restriction enzymes. RFLPs of weevils from three cotton growing locations in Texas and ...

Verde plant bugs, Creontiades signatus Distant (Hemiptera: Miridae), were released onto caged cotton, Cossypium hirsutum L., for a 1-wk period to characterize the effects of insect density and bloom period of infestation on cotton injury and yield in 2011 and 2012, Corpus Christi, TX. When plants were infested during early bloom (10-11 nodes above first white flower), a linear decline in fruit ...

Eradication programs for the boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman) rely on pheromone-baited traps to trigger insecticide treatments and monitor program progress. A key objective of monitoring in these programs is the timely detection of incipient weevil populations to limit or prevent re-infestation. Therefore, improvements in the effectiveness of trapping would enhance efforts to ac...

Effects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding, and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under Þve different photophases (24, 14, 12, 10, and0h) at a constant 27 Ctemperature and65%RHin the laboratory.Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feeding punctures pe...

Effects of photoperiod on development, survival, feeding, and oviposition of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, were assessed under five different photophases (24, 14, 12, 10, and 0 h) at a constant 27 degrees C temperature and 65% RH in the laboratory. Analyses of our results detected positive relationships between photoperiod and puncturing (mean numbers of oviposition and feed...

A 3-yr study was conducted to determine the degree of aggregation of stink bugs and boll injury in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and their spatial association with a multispectral vegetation index (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]). Using the spatial analysis by distance indices analyses, stink bugs were less frequently aggregated (17% for adults and 4% for nymphs) than boll injur...

The boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis grandisBoheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious pest of cultivated cotton,Gossypium hirsutum L., in the Americas, and reinfestation of zones from which they have been eradicated is of perpetual concern. Extensive arrays of pheromone traps monitor for reintroductions, but occasionally the traps collect nontarget weevils that can be misidentiÞed by scou...

Aflatoxin assays and moisture determinations were made on locks from bolls inoculated with Aspergillus flavus 30-32 days from flower and harvested after additional periods of 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 days. Inoculated locks were always tight but had moisture contents comparable to those in noninoculated locks on the same bolls. Lowest toxin concentrations were in seeds from bolls still green at ha...