-The clinical efficacy of anthracycline antineoplastic agents is limited by a high incidence of severe and usually irreversible cardiac toxicity, the cause of which remains controversial. In primary cultures of neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes, we found that daunorubicin, at concentrations </=1 micromol/L, induced myocyte programmed cell death within 24 hours, as defined by several c...

The H-35 rat hepatoma is relatively insensitive to the anthracycline antibiotic, daunorubicin (DNR), requiring 0.25 microM daunorubicin for inhibition of cell proliferation by 50%. Studies were undertaken to investigate the basis for the apparent intrinsic resistance in this cell line. The relative insensitivity of the H-35 cells to DNR is not a function of metabolic inactivation of DNR to deox...

DoxA is a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase involved in the late stages of daunorubicin and doxorubicin biosynthesis that has a broad substrate specificity for anthracycline glycone substrates. Recombinant DoxA was purified to homogeneity from Streptomyces lividans transformed with a plasmid containing the Streptomyces sp. strain C5 doxA gene under the control of the strong SnpR-activated snpA pro...

Adriamycin, a new antitumour antibiotic of the anthracycline group with a structural formula very similar to daunorubicin, has proved to have potent tumour-growth-inhibiting properties, and to be particularly effective in childhood malignancies. Though adriamycin produces a higher percentage of side-effects than daunorubicin-namely, stomatitis and alopecia-a lower dosage may be used for therapy.

3'-Deamino-4'-epi-3'-hydroxy-daunorubicin (11) and -doxorubicin (14) have been synthesized. In the in vivo murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia assay, these two compounds were more active than daunorubicin (1) and doxorubicin (2), respectively. Comparative studies in the P-388 assay indicated 3'-deamino-3'-hydroxydoxorubicin (3) to be more active than its 4'-epimer 14.

Mechanisms contributing to reduced cytotoxic drug accumulation were studied in two multidrug-resistant (MDR) human lung cancer cell lines without P-glycoprotein expression. In these (non-small cell) SW-1573/2R120 and (small cell) GLC4/ADR MDR cells, the steady-state accumulation of [14C]daunorubicin was 30 and 12%, respectively, of that in the parent cells. When cells, at steady state, were per...

PURPOSE Cumulative anthracycline dose is one of the strongest predictors of heart failure (HF) after cancer treatment. However, the differential risk for cardiotoxicity between daunorubicin and doxorubicin has not been rigorously evaluated among survivors of childhood cancer. These risks, which are based on hematologic toxicity, are currently assumed to be approximately equivalent. PATIENTS A...

BACKGROUND Our study was based on the alteration in the Michaelis Mentin parameters Apparent Michaelis Constant (aKm) and Apparent Maximum Velocity (aVm), which reflects activity of actylcholinesterase (AChE). This activity decreases in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL). This decrease in aKm and aVm values shows bad prognosis. Similarly the anticancer drugs like Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin f...

Daunorubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic agent used in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. Toxicities associated with this agent include myelosuppression and cardiotoxicity; however, the genes or genetic determinants that contribute to these toxicities are unknown. We present an unbiased genome-wide approach that incorporates heritability, whole-genome linkage analysis, and linkage-...

Uptake and binding of daunorubicin were studied in a sensitive (EHR 2) and in a resistant (EHR 2/DNR+) subline of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. At steady state, the celhmedium ratio of daunorubicin was about 10-fold higher in EHR 2 than in EHR 2/DNR + . The bindings of daunorubicin to cell homogenate of the two cell lines were equal when the concentration at equilibrium was below 0.7 fig/ml, whe...