We suggest a scalar model for deformation and flow of an amorphous material such as a foam or an emulsion. To describe elastic, plastic and viscous behaviours, we use three scalar variables: elastic deformation, plastic deformation rate and total deformation rate; and three material-specific parameters: shear modulus, yield deformation and viscosity. We obtain equations valid for different type...

In addition to the familiar bending and stretching deformations, lipid monolayers and bilayers in their disordered state are often subjected to tilt deformations, occurring for instance in structural rearrangements accompanying membrane fusion, or upon insertion of "oblique" hydrophobic proteins into lipid bilayers. We study the elastic response of a flat lipid monolayer to a tilt deformation, ...

In this study we have investigated in influence of location, gender and orientation on the deformation characteristics of 55 samples of human excised skin. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at a strain rate of 0.012s on excised human skin from the back. The deformation characteristics of skin (Ultimate Tensile Strength (P<0.0001), Failure Strain (P=0.0177), Young’s Modulus (P<0.0076), Ini...

We report experimental observations of an undulational instability of myelin figures. Motivated by this, we examine theoretically the deformation and possible instability of concentric, cylindrical, multilamellar membrane structures. Under conditions of osmotic stress (swelling or dehydration), we find a stable, deformed state in which the layer deformation is given by deltaR infinity r(square ...

The response of a neo-Hookean fiber composite undergoing finite out-of-plane shear deformation is examined. To this end an explicit close form solution for the out-of-plane shear response of a cylindrical composite element is introduced. We find that the overall response of the cylindrical composite element can be characterized by a fictitious homogeneous neo-Hookean material. Accordingly, this...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Thermally mediated modalities of cartilage reshaping utilize localized heating of cartilage combined with mechanical deformation to achieve new geometries. We sought to determine the steady state elastic modulus of thermally modified cartilage without deformation, as this provides a constraint in mechanical models of the shape change process. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS A...

In a material consisting of graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide and poly-N-isopropylamide (PNIPAM) in an aqueous solution, a new type of rheological behaviour is found. When subjecting the material to a short and relatively small deformation pulse, the modulus, which is observed by small deformations in the linear-viscoelastic or very slightly nonlinear range, oscillates with periodicities...

The molecular deformation and crystal orientation of a range of next generation regenerated cellulose fibers, produced from an ionic liquid solvent spinning system, are correlated with macroscopic fiber properties. Fibers are drawn at the spinning stage to increase both molecular and crystal orientation in order to achieve a high tensile strength and Young’s modulus for potential use in enginee...

Mechanical properties of scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells used for cartilage repair seem to be one of the critical factors in possible joint resurfacing. In this paper, the effect of adding hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles or chitosan nanofibers into the cross-linked collagen I on the mechanical response of the lyophilized porous scaffold has been investigated in the dr...

The crystal lattice of single-crystal silicon gives rise to anisotropic elasticity. The stiffness and compliance coefficient matrix depend on crystal orientation and, consequently, Young's modulus, the shear modulus and Poisson's ratio as well. Computer codes (in Matlab and Python) have been developed to calculate these anisotropic elasticity parameters for a silicon crystal in any orientation....