Reconstructing the lineage of cells is central to understanding how the wide diversity of cell types develops. Here, we provide the neurosensory lineage reconstruction of a complex sensory organ, the inner ear, by imaging zebrafish embryos in vivo over an extended timespan, combining cell tracing and cell fate marker expression over time. We deliver the first dynamic map of early neuronal and s...

The initial stage of fretting fatigue crack growth is significantly influenced by tangential force induced by fretting action along the contact surface where a mixed-mode crack growth is involved. Fretting crack behavior of aluminum alloy 2024 was studied, taking into account the problem of contact asperities. Finite element was used for the determination of the stress field near the contact su...

Modeling of crashworthy composite structures is limited by the inability of current generations of finite element crash codes to effectively model certain critical failure modes, such as delamination. Previous efforts to model delamination and debonding failure modes using crash codes have typically relied on ad hoc failure criteria and quasistatic fracture data. Improvements to these modeling ...

The evolution of the crack growthspeed in a thin, buckled strip delamina-tion is studied and two approximate solu-tions are presented. The quasi-dynamicanalysis assumes that the deflection ofthe delaminated layer is represented bythe static postbuckling solution for thecurrent delamination length. A refinedanalysis introduces an indeterminateamplitude functio...

Neural crest development involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), during which epithelial cells are converted into individual migratory cells. Notably, the same signaling pathways regulate EMT function during both development and tumor metastasis. p53 plays multiple roles in the prevention of tumor development; however, its precise roles during embryogenesis are less clear. We have inv...

The total magmatic output in modern arcs, where continental crust is now being formed, is believed to derive from melting of the mantle wedge and is largely basaltic. Globally averaged continental crust, however, has an andesitic bulk composition and is hence too silicic to have been derived directly from the mantle. It is well known that one way this imbalance can be reconciled is if the paren...

The paper concerns the mechanical performance of continuous fibre/thermosetting polymer matrix composites reinforced in the through-thickness direction with fibrous or metallic rods or threads in order to mitigate against low delamination resistance. Specific illustrations of the effects of microfasteners in reducing delamination crack growth are made for Z-pinned and tufted composites. Respons...

When a piezoelectric film is glued on the surface of a structure member subjected to mechanical load, a distribution of electric potential is induced. In the existence of defects in the member, a characteristic variation of electric potential is observed. Based on this phenomenon, the passive electric potential CT (computed tomography) method is developed for detecting and identifying defects i...

Composite laminates are prone to delamination. Implementation of delamination in the Carrera Unified Formulation frame work using nine noded quadrilateral MITC9 element is discussed in this article. MITC9 element is devoid of shear locking and membrane locking. Delaminated as well as healthy structure is analysed for free mode vibration. The results from the present work are compared with the a...

Delamination is one of the most common defects in laminate composite materials. To detect delaminations, different non-destructive test methods such as infrared thermography methods are currently widespread for non-destructive inspection, recommended for evaluating composite materials mostly in the active variant. The principle behind infrared thermography consists in highlighting the relevant ...