In flowering plants, penetration of the pollen tube through stigma, style, and transmitting tract is essential for delivery of sperm nuclei to the egg cells embedded deeply within female tissues. Despite its importance in plant reproduction, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate the navigation of the pollen tube through the stigma, style, and transmitting tract...

The primary treatment for Parkinson's disease is dopaminergic stimulation. Although levodopa has historically been administered orally, maintaining a predictable plasma concentration of the drug is challenging. As a result, enteral administration of carbidopa/levodopa (Duopa) has emerged as a promising tool in the treatment of the disease. This requires placement of an enteric catheter, two of ...

A female infant weighing 2,200 g was delivered at 34 weeks of gestation by vaginal delivery. She presented with an irreducible mass in the left inguinal region at 32 days of age. An ultrasonography (US) was performed and an incarcerated hernia containing uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary was diagnosed preoperatively. Surgery was performed through an inguinal approach; the uterus, fallopian tube...

For nutritional support of critically ill patients, the enteral route is preferred over the parenteral route. Although nasojejunal feeding can be superior to gastric feeding when gastrointestinal symptoms occur, it does not necessarily solve the problem of large gastric residual volumes. We report the successful use of a newly developed nasojejunal feeding tube with gastric decompression functi...

A flow system to perform Chan-Lam coupling reactions of various amines and arylboronic acids has been realised employing molecular oxygen as an oxidant for the re-oxidation of the copper catalyst enabling a catalytic process. A tube-in-tube gas reactor has been used to simplify the delivery of the oxygen accelerating the optimisation phase and allowing easy access to elevated pressures. A small...

background: tracheal intubation is used in general anesthesia and often leads to traumatization of the airway mucosa. these complications can cause postoperative morbidity. this study was designed to determine the effect of ketamine spraying on the endotracheal tube cuff on sore throat, cough, and hoarseness during the first 24 hours of the postoperative period. methods: 120 healthy women with ...

objective the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of complications of endotracheal intubation (eti) in neonates. methods the newborns that were admitted and needed urgent or semi-urgent intubation were enrolled in this study over a 1 year period. route for intubation in all cases were orotracheal. cases were not routinely sedated or paralyzed. the patients were clinically and radi...

background and purpose: inserting a nasogastric tube, though a common clinical procedure with widespread use for critically ill patients, can produce unexpected complications so that tube misplacement into the lungs is a potential complication with serious consequences. the reliability of common bedside methods to differentiate between pulmonary and gastric placement has not been acceptable. th...

An experimental in vitro model was used to determine the effects of intraluminal catheter diameter and length on the delivered dose and particle-size characteristics of salbutamol (albuterol) aerosol delivered by metered dose inhaler (MDI) (Ventolin, 100 micrograms per puff). The dose of aerosolized drug that exited a 16-cm-long tracheal tube with an inner diameter (ID) of 6 mm was compared wit...

Most bacteriophages possess long tails, which serve as the conduit for genome delivery. We report the solution structure of the N-terminal domain of gpV, the protein comprising the major portion of the noncontractile phage lambda tail tube. This structure is very similar to a previously solved tail tube protein from a contractile-tailed phage, providing the first direct evidence of an evolution...