Boundary element methods (BEM) reduce a partial differential equation in domain to an integral on the domain’s boundary. They are particularly attractive for solving problems unbounded domains, but handling dense matrices corresponding operators requires efficient algorithms.

The discrete element method (DEM) is a well-established approach to study granular materials in numerous fields of application; each particle modelled individually predict the overall behaviour. This behaviour can be then extracted by averaging, or coarse graining, sample using suitable method. choice appropriate coarse-graining entails compromise between accuracy and computational cost, especi...

The Lagrangian transport element method for the solution of axisymmetric constant-density ow is extended to variable-density ow. In this method, thin vortex ring-elements of the Rankine type are used to discretize the vorticity eld as well as the density gradient eld. At the axis, since the ring element concept does not apply, several Hill's spherical vortices are used. A simple algebraic expre...

A capillary discharge extreme ultraviolet laser is focused and wavefront split at 46.9 nm by a tubular optical element. The reflectivity both simulated measured to be higher than 90% with slight aberration. operating principle of the element for focusing splitting discussed. Dense intense grating-like fringes period ~150 are achieved. method used in this work allows nano-scale processing single...

We show that every separable $C^$-algebra of real rank zero tensorially absorbs the Jiang–Su algebra contains a dense set generators. It follows that, in classifiable, simple, nuclear $C^$-algebra, generic element is generator.

this article introduces a new tri-parameter law of corresponding states from the known regularities, namely the lir and zeno line for dense fluids (when tz=tc). two of these parameters are the zeno line parameters and the third parameter (the fluid parameter), has been obtained from the lir, this parameter is solely dependent upon the fluid characteristics. the third parameter can be obtaind fr...

The subject of scattering of electromagnetic waves by dense media has been one of intense interest in recent years. The present paper describes polarimetric backscatter measurements made at Ku-band on layers of a dense medium under very carefully controlled circumstances. The experiments have a dual purpose: 1) to evaluate the degree to which the experimental observations are predicted by theor...

A new molecular dynamics-like modelling approach aimed at simulating the mechanical behaviour of true polyhedra dense assemblies is presented. Thanks to an improved version Gilbert-Johnson-Keerthi contact detection algorithm called GJK − TD , this involves no edge or corner rounding and accounts for multipoint face contacts between any set two particles. Furthermore, torques equations are simpl...

We describe the design, fabrication, and excellent performance of an optimized deep-etched high-density fused-silica transmission grating for use in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The fabricated optimized transmission grating exhibits an efficiency of 87.1% at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Inductively coupled plasma-etching technology was used to fabricate the grating. The de...