Objective(s): Nanosilver is one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to its strong antimicrobial activity. Thus, because of increasing potential for exposure of human to nanosilver, there is an increasing concern about possible side effects of these nanoparticles. In this study, we tested the potential dermal toxicity of nanosilver bandage on serum chemical biomarkers in mice.  Materials a...

Background: The safety evaluations of sunscreens containing Titanium Dioxide-Nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) were done by dermal exposure, acute dermal and eye irritation/corrosion, and skin sensitization according to the guideline for Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was the evaluation of safety and toxicity of TiO2-NPs following acute su...

A growing variety of biological macromolecules are in development for use as active ingredients topical therapies and vaccines. Dermal delivery biomacromolecules offers several advantages compared to other methods, including improved targetability, reduced systemic toxicity, decreased degradation drugs. However, this route is hampered by the barrier function skin. Recently, a large body researc...

The isocyanates are widely used as precursors of polyurethane products, as well as carbamate insecticides. Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the most important commercially used isocyanates. Humans may be exposed to TDI by inhalation, ingestion, dermal and eye contact. TDI is a powerful irritant to the mucosal membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, eyes and the skin. P...

Cocamidopropylamine Oxide is a tertiary amine oxide which functions as a hair-conditioning agent and as a surfactant, currently used in 60 cosmetic formulations at concentrations between 0.07% and 4.0%. In an earlier safety assessment, the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel had determined that the available data were insufficient to support the safety of this ingredient in cosmetic p...

BACKGROUND Anal carcinoma is a rare cancer. Surgical treatment is applied for small superficial tumors of the anal margin, the more advanced disease is treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate treatment outcomes in patients treated at the Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute in 2006- 2010. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the clinical data of 29 newly diag...

The Macrocyclic Lactone and Lactide derivative (ML) group of fragrance ingredients was critically evaluated for safety following a complete literature search. For high end users, calculated maximum dermal exposures vary from 0.47% to 11.15%; systemic exposures vary from 0.0008 to 0.25mg/kg/day. The MLs had low acute toxicity and no significant toxicity in repeat dose oral or dermal toxicity stu...

The cinnamyl phenylpropyl fragrance ingredients are a diverse group of chemical structures that have similar metabolic and toxicity profiles. A toxicological and dermatological review of these fragrance ingredients is presented. The common characteristic structural element of cinnamyl phenylpropyl materials is an aryl substituted primary alcohol/aldehyde/ester. For high end users, calculated ma...