We develop a simple model of labor market participation, human capital degradation, and re-training. We focus on how non-participation, as a distinct state from unemployment and employment, is determined by the welfare system in interaction with labor market conditions and personal characteristics. We provide a tractable framework to analyze how the decisions to exit the labor force and to miti...

T HE old-age and survivors insurance program combines three types of protection for workers and their families-retirement protection for those between the ages of 65 and 75, annuities for those aged 75 or over, and survivor insurance, payable on the death of an insured worker at any age. The retirement test (or work clause) is applicable when the beneficiary is under age 75, both for retirement...

We provide a framework for understanding how disability risk and features of the disability insurance program in the US affect individual consumption and labor supply behavior in an explicit life-cycle setting. We decompose earnings risk into disability shocks (that reduce the ability to work) and shocks to general productivity. We identify structural parameters of the model using indirect infe...

The primary spermatocytes of Drosophila virilis have been shown to undergo an approximate 300-fold increase in volume and to possess an abundance of ribo somes in the cytoplasm (Ito 1960). These ribosomes are probably involved in the biosynthesis of the various materials needed for this tremendous volumetric increase. Olivieri and Olivieri (1965) have demonstrated that RNA synthesis occurs in s...

the biological, biochemical and immunological It has been proved lately that lysosomes are conditions that prepare the organic susceptibility involved in the mechanism of morphologic which facilitates or impairs the growth of changes, catabolic disorders , autolytic pro­ M. leprae. This paper is a partial attempt to cesses, necrosis , and infections and inflammatory unveil the pathogenic mechan...

the extent of “benefits”, as the subject of khums, is one of the controversial discourses among the imāmī jurists, which is of great importance because of its applicability. the “acquired benefits” and “benefits in general” are the two significant views in the discourses concerning khums. in this research, the evidences for any of these two views are critically reviewed. for the first view, two...

RFId systems show great potentials enhancing supply chain performances. Some of the major retailers in the World (Wall Mart, Metro Group, Tesco) made sounding campaigns promoting the benefits they were able to attain. Despite the increase in the number of researches on RFId benefits, a study investigating their measurement in the supply chain context is still lacking. This paper aims at identif...

Despite 180 years of theory on magnetism, it appears that the practice of calculating forces on magnetic media is ambiguous, as illustrated by a recent article by Casperson [1]. Potentially troubling issues include: Which field B or H should be used? Should the total field be used, or only the external field? And if the latter, what is meant by “external”? Can/should effects of magnetization cu...