objectives: the aim of this study was to assess and compare the characteristics of commonly used initial archwires by their load deflection graphs. materials and methods : this study tested three wire designs namely copper nickel titanium (cnt), nickel titanium (niti), and multi-strand niti (msnt) archwires engaged in passive self-ligating (psl) brackets, active self-ligating (asl) brackets or ...

pulling force is one of the most important variables in pultrusion process which determines the capacity of the pultrusion machine. one of the characteristics of a desired pultrusion process is a low pulling force and a high line speed.among the important factors affecting the pulling force are the internal mold release agent (imr) and the content and particle size of the filler in resin formul...

The sea wave causes excess resistance which is out of scope of calm water resistance. The total wave force in horizontal plane is divided into “Added Resistance” and “Drift Force”. In this study, based on Gerritsma and Beuckelman[3] hypothesis a computer program has been developed for calculation of added resistance and drift force at various ship speeds and various head...

introduction the aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of deflection load of three kinds of nickel titanium closed coil springs. methods and materials this research was an experimental study. research sample contains three kinds of niti closed coiled springs (heavy, medium, light) from gac, 3m, and rmo factories. 10 springs with 9 mm length for each group (totally 90 springs) wer...

A fundamental requirement for the success of a manipulation task is the capability to handle the physical contact between a robot and the environment. Pure motion control turns out to be inadequate because the unavoidable modeling errors and uncertainties may cause a rise of the contact force, ultimately leading to an unstable behavior during the interaction, especially in the presence of rigid...

objective: intrusion as a type of tooth movement is managed by different mechanotherapies during various treatment stages. the morphology of the apical third of the teeth to be intruded plays an important role in the risk of root resorption due to the raise of stresses. the main goal of this study was to compare various types of apical third of the teeth while loaded by an intrusive force. mate...

cumin (cuminum cyminum) is an annual suitable for the dry and semi-dry areas of iran. recently, farmers have chosen to plant cumin because it requires less water and growth time. however, at harvest time, the resistance of cumin seed to shatter is low and, if careful attention is not paid to this fact, a major portion of the crop can be lost. when the connection force of the seed decreases, see...

improvement in braking performance and vehicle stability can be achieved through the use of braking systems whose brake force distribution is variable. electronic braking force distribution has an important and serious role in the vehicle stopping distance and stability. in this paper a new approach will be presented to achieve the braking force distribution strategy for articulated vehicles. f...