Central Business Districts (CBDs) are an apparent structural type of large cities. Although the conceptual definition of CBDs is mostly functional, this urban structure type has characteristic physical features. The paper presents a conceptual framework to map these CBDs using physical parameters. We identify physical parameters from the published literature and statistically designate the CBD ...

Introduction It is the purpose of the Convention on Biological Diversity to protect biological diversity in all of its richness – this is also done in awareness of its importance for the functioning of vital systems such as ecosystems, climate systems and water systems. Forests include some of the world’s most important biodiversity reserves with some forest soils alone containing thousands of ...

AIM to evaluate endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) benefits in treating patients with clinical appearance of yellowish discoloration. METHODS a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 122 patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January 2008 to December 2010. The main complained was yellowish discoloration of the skin. ERCPs were performed as ap...

OBJECTIVE To compare the postoperative short-term and mid-term complications in patients who underwent CBD exploration and closure by using T-tube or primary closure. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized clinical trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Hepatobiliary Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China, from August 2009 to March 2013. METHODOLOGY...

Bacterial display technology offers a number of advantages over competing display technologies (e.g, phage) for the rapid discovery and development of peptides with interaction targeted to materials ranging from biological hazards through inorganic metals. We have previously shown that discovery of synthetic peptide reagents utilizing bacterial display technology is relatively simple and rapid ...

The spread and uptake of new ideas (diffusion of innovations) is critical for organizations to adapt over time, but there is little evidence of how this happens within organizations and to their broader community. To address this, we analyzed how individuals accessed information about a recent science innovation at a large, international, biodiversity conservation non-profit-The Nature Conserva...

Background Biliary stones are a common disease in western countries, and its management has changed dramatically over the past decade. Due to the increase of the middle-aged people, a larger number of elderly patients are affected by this disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) represents the gold standard for the treatment of gallbladder stones, and in cholecystectomized patients, the treat...

Texts in natural languages consist of words that are syntactically linked and semantically combinable—like political party, pay attention, or brick wall. Such semantically plausible combinations of two content words, which we hereafter refer to as collocations, are important knowledge in many areas of computational linguistics. We consider a lexical resource that provides such knowledge—a collo...

The present study evaluated the efficacy of an adapted version of the Mollon-Reffin test for the behavioral investigation of color vision in capuchin monkeys. Ten tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp., formerly referred to as Cebus apella) had their DNA analyzed and were characterized as the following: one trichromat female, seven deuteranope dichromats (six males and one female), and two prota...

PURPOSE The genetics underlying inherited color vision deficiencies is well understood: causative mutations change the copy number or sequence of the long (L), middle (M), or short (S) wavelength sensitive cone opsin genes. This study evaluated the potential of opsin gene analyses for use in clinical diagnosis of color vision defects. METHODS We tested 1872 human subjects using direct sequenc...