In the discussions of trading, unemployment and income distribution inequality, this question is raised by economists that in economic development of developing and developed countries, which policy is necessary in the first stage. Is trading liberalization the pre-requirement of transfer from a close economy to a relative open economy and is it necessary for the developed economy compared to o...

This paper reviews the theoretical and the empirical literature on regionalism. The formation of regional trade agreements has been, by far, the most popular form of reciprocal trade liberalization in the last fifteen years. The discriminatory character of these agreements has raised three main concerns: that trade diversion would be rampant, because special interest groups would induce governm...

Thanks to the availability of different wireless communication techniques, external devices can extend today’s smartphones. Such an external device can be any kind of a sensor, for example. This thesis describes a general-purpose wireless distance sensor, which connects to a smartphone or any other device equipped with Bluetooth technology. Further, an Android application which handles the meas...

The study aims to estimate the impact of Turkey's FTAs on its average external trade level by three novel approaches, which are fixed effects counterfactual estimator (FEct), interactive effect (IFEct) estimator, and matrix completion (MC) method introduced Liu et al (2022). results show that while have a positive exports economies Turkey has FTAs, we do not find any significant imports average...

In this paper we suggest a methodology to formulate a dynamic regression with variables observed at different time intervals. This methodology is applicable if the explanatory variables are observed more frequently than the dependent variable. We demonstrate this procedure by developing a forecasting model for Singapore’s quarterly GDP based on monthly external trade. Apart from forecasts, the ...

Rapid and smooth reactive power compensation is crucial to maintain safe and reliable operation of power systems. This paper presents an adaptive and faulttolerant control (FTC) approach for reactive power compensation via a three-level cascaded STATCOM (static synchronous compensator). Two sets of FTC algorithms are derived to concurrently accommodate element/actuation faults, modeling uncerta...

â â â  â â  the paper uses economic and energy data analysis and econometric modeling to study the prospects and challenges of korea’s 2003 fta roadmap (mofat 2013) in the form of potential comprehensive partnerships with its major trade and energy partners. it first reviews korea’s international economic and trade relations in recent years with a focus on its major merchandise export desti...

â â â  â â â â â â â â â â â  financial sector is one of the most influential sectors in economic activities. empirical and theoretical studies conducted in recent years have also confirmed the significant role of financial institutions in economic growth. additionally, trade and financial liberalization policies have been particular concerned with strategic policies in developed and developing...