Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) should be suspected in ill patients with diabetes. If either DKA or HHS is diagnosed, precipitating factors must be sought and treated. DKA and HHS are medical emergencies that require treatment and monitoring for multiple metabolic abnormalities and vigilance for complications. A normal blood glucose does not rule out DKA i...

A 74-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus developed ketoacidosis within six days of adding metformin to imeglimin treatment. The patient was insulin-sensitive and showed preserved insulin secretion; therefore, insufficiency alone unlikely contribute the development ketoacidosis. Both partially inhibit complex I in mitochondrial respiratory chain. Inhibition respiration can lead tricarbo...

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a feared complication in patients with diabetes mellitus and poses high risk of mortality and morbidity unless treated in timely manner. Infection is one of the most common precipitating factors for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis. Bacteremia with Group A and Group B beta hemolytic streptococcal strains are well known, however nonenterococcal Group D strains su...

OBJECTIVES This retrospective study evaluates the clinical and laboratory values of children with type 1 diabetes at the time of first admission to the emergency service. Methods : It is a retrospective study to examine the clinical & laboratory findings of children visiting the emergency service between 2009 & 2012. The sample of the study included 111 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diab...

December 2010, Vol. 100, No. 12 SAMJ Diabetic hyperglycaemic crisis is a major reason for high-care unit admissions,1 with mortality rates of up to 30%.2-9 It is characteristically classified as ketoacidotic or hyperosmolar.10 Presentations with the combination of ketoacidosis and hyperosmolality are recognised,6,7,11-16 and have variably been described as ketoacidosis with hyperosmolality or h...

More than 10 million Canadians are currently living with diabetes.1 Of those, 90% have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).1 Recently launched oral medications known as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013 for treating T2DM.2 Approval by Health Canada was granted in 2014.3 Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin,...

BACKGROUND The increasing global prevalence of both dengue and diabetes may warrant closer observation for glycemic control and adapted fluid management to diminish the risk for a severe clinical presentation of dengue. Dengue illness is rarely known to precipitate diabetic ketoacidosis among diabetic patients. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines b...

At diagnosis six of 18 diabetic children had hyponatraemia with hyperglycaemia but no signs of dehydration or lipaemia. With insulin treatment alone plasma sodium concentrations in two children returned to normal. These children do not require specific treatment to correct the hyponatraemia.