OBJECTIVE The development of diabetic ketoacidosis in pregnancy is a medical emergency, requiring treatment in an intensive care setting. Both the mother and the fetus are at risk for significant morbidity and mortality. Physiologic changes unique to pregnancy provide a background for the development of diabetic ketoacidosis. An understanding of these physiologic changes assists in the manageme...

Norbert Freinkel?s lecture ?Of Pregnancy and Progeny? was published by the American Diabetes Association?s journal Diabetes in December of 1980. In the lecture, Freinkel argued that pregnancy [2] changes the way that the female body breaks down and uses food. Through experiments that involved pregnant women as well as infants, Freinkel established the body?s maternal metabolism and how it affec...

Aim. Antenatal glucocorticoid therapy (AGT) has been commonly used recently. However, this therapy has severe harmful effects such as maternal hyperglycemia. In Japan, ritodrine hydrochloride has been used as a tocolytic agent. In this study, we performed retrospective casecontrol study to clarify whether concomitant use of ritodrine and glucocorticoid was safe to pregnant women without diabete...

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive method to investigate the nature of blood flow in an unborn baby (fetus) to check the health of the fetus. In pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes blood flow varies in the embryonic and fetal placental arteries due to pathological changes caused by the disease. Methods and material: Doppler ultrasound indices includes: resistive Index, p...

conclusions a significant number of pregnant mothers had average knowledge that indicating necessity of interventional programs by health system, particularly for pregnant mothers with lower education level. background breastfeeding is accepted as the most desirable method of infant nurturing. objectives this study aimed to investigate pregnant mothers’ knowledge about breastfeeding as well as ...

background in the last two decades the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (stis) are dramatically increased and remain a major public health problem in developing countries. trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis which is a flagellated protozoon associated with vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis. researchers believe...

background & aim: hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is a major global health concern. according to the statistics, the prevalence of this infection is moderate in iran. pregnant mothers, who are infected with the virus (virus carriers), can transmit the infection to their fetus. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and its influencing factors in pr...

this is a semi experimental survey with the main goal of identifying effects of the use of fundal pressure in causing complication from the time of the woman,s entrance into the delivery room to the time of discharge from the hospital.   210 women took part in this survey, 70 of which were in the research and 140 in the observed group. the necessary data about the subject of the study were gath...

Maternal complications Early in pregnancy, women with diabetes have an increased rate of abortion (Lorber, Before the discovery of insulin, few women with diabetes became pregnant. Among those who did, the maternal mortality rate was 50% with minimal chance of a live fetus (Parker, 1996). By the late 1930s the perinatal mortality rate had decreased to 40%. Perinatal mortality was thought to be ...