Phytoremediation is an attractive alternative to conventional treatments of soil due to advantages such as low cost, large application areas, and the possibility of in situ treatment. This study presents the assessment of phytoremediation processes conducted under controlled experimental conditions to evaluate the ability of Ricinus communis L., tropical plant species, to promote the degradatio...

A relation between the chemical structure of a xenobiotic and its steroidal action has not yet been clearly established. Thus, it is not possible to define the estrogenic potency of different xenobiotics. An assessment may be accomplished by the use of different bioassays. We have previously developed a yeast system highly and stably expressing rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rtER) in order to...

Hedgehog dogtail (Cynosurus echinatus) is an annual grass, native to Europe, but also widely distributed in North and South America, South Africa, and Australia. Two hedgehog dogtail biotypes, one diclofop-methyl (DM)-resistant and one DM-susceptible were studied in detail for experimental dose-response resistance mechanisms. Herbicide rates that inhibited shoot growth by 50% (GR50) were determ...

The acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting cyclohexanedione herbicide clethodim is used to control grass weeds infesting dicot crops. In Australia clethodim is widely used to control the weed Lolium rigidum. However, clethodim-resistant Lolium populations have appeared over the last 5 years and now are present in many populations across the western Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum...

molecular experiment was conducted to confirm resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides in winter wild oat (avena ludoviciana duriu.) populations of wheat fields in khuzestan province, at faculty of agriculture of ferdowsi university, during year of 2006. first, 44 wild oat populations from ahvaz, andimeshk, shush, shushtar, ramhormoz, susangerd, and dezful cities with a susceptible popu...

Lolium rigidum (annual or rigid ryegrass) is a widespread annual weed in cropping systems of southern Australia, and herbicide resistance in L. rigidum is a common problem in this region. In 2010, a random survey was conducted across the grain belt of Western Australia to determine the frequency of herbicide-resistant L. rigidum populations and to compare this with the results of previous surve...

The mode o f action o f cyclohexane-l,3-dione-type (cycloxydim, clethodim , sethoxydim, tralkoxydim ) and aryloxyphenoxypropanoate-type herbicides (diclofop, fenoxaprop, haloxyfop, fluazifop) is sum m arized in this review. Both herbicide classes, though structurally com ­ pletely different, specifically block the same target enzyme i.e. the plastid acetyl-CoA carboxy­ lase (ACC) (EC 6.4.1.2). ...