The removal of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), namely diethyltoluamide (DEET), paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) triclosan (TCS) (at a spiked concentration 25 μg/L), from natural water using the photo (UVC)-Fenton (powdered zero-valent iron, pZVI) process was investigated. results show that molar ratio H2O2/pZVI 2.0, pZVI 22.4 mg/L pH 3.0 maximised target compounds at 7...

The structure of the group Aut(Cn) of biholomorphisms of Cn is largely unknown if n > 1. In stark contrast Aut(C) is rather small, consisting of the nonconstant affine linear maps. The description of Aut(C) follows from the observation that an injective holomorphic function f : C → C satisfying f(0) = 0 and f ′(0) = 1 must be the identity. These considerations suggest that similar characterizat...

Despite shortcomings, N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) has remained the gold-standard of insect repellents for >60 years. There are significant impediments to finding improved substitutes because the molecular targets causing repellency are unclear, new chemistries will require significant human-safety testing, and predicted costs for development are exorbitant. Here we identify shared stru...

Field tests evaluated repellent formulations containing deet in combination with permethrin-impregnated or untreated military uniforms against Aedes taeniorhynchus. No significant difference was determined between repellents in duration of protection whether or not permethrin-treated clothing was worn, but there were differences in efficacy relative to site of application. The head was the site...

Pseudomonas putida DTB grew aerobically with N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) as a sole carbon source, initially breaking it down into 3-methylbenzoate and diethylamine. The former was further metabolized via 3-methylcatechol and meta ring cleavage. A gene from DTB, dthA, was heterologously expressed and shown to encode the ability to hydrolyze DEET into 3-methylbenzoate and diethylamine.

The effectiveness of 2 formulations of deet (diethylmethylbenzamide) was tested against the principal vector of malaria in the Philippines, Anopheles flavirostris. A new extended duration repellent formulation (EDRF) was compared with the standard military-issue liquid formulation. The EDRF was significantly more effective than the liquid formulation between 6 and 12 h post-application. There w...

N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) has recently been reported to kill cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro. In addition, it blocked cercarial entry into mouse tail skin. We confirmed these results and compared the efficacy of DEET to a second insect repellent, 1-(3-Cyclohexen-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (AI3-37220), in preventing S. mansoni infections in mice. Both AI3-37220 and DE...

Quwenling, an insect repellent product of China derived from extracts of the lemon eucalyptus plant (Eucalyptus maculata citriodon), was evaluated. Laboratory tests compared Quwenling with deet against Anopheles albimanus, An. quadrimaculatus, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and field tests with Ae. taeniorhynchus. Cloth treated with Quwenling at greater than 2x the dosage of deet was effective a...

In X-ray crystallography, one needs to consider matrices of the form P = (X T X)=M, where X 2 IR M n has rows X i : with 1 i M such that jX i :vj c and kX i :k = 1 for some given c 2 (0; 1) and v 2 IR n. Using the theory of majorization, we give a short proof for some inequalities relating the eigenvalues of P ?1 when P is invertible. Matrices X that minimize det (P ?1) or tr (P ?1) are constru...

We investigate anchored scroll-wave filaments in an excitable medium whose diffusivity matrix, including its determinant, is spatially nonuniform. The study is motivated by cardiological applications where scroll-wave behavior in the presence of diffusivity gradients is believed to play an important role in the development of severe arrhythmias. A diffusivity gradient is expected to make the fi...