in this paper, a numerical efficient method based on two-dimensional block-pulse functions (bpfs) is proposed to approximate a solution of the two-dimensional linear stochastic volterra-fredholm integral equation. finally the accuracy of this method will be shown by an example.

The number of the discrete samples for the dimensional measurement of machined surfaces and their coordinates is investigated. Counter to intuition, there need not be quadratically more samples than in the case for sampling lines or curves. To justify this novel scheme, accuracy is defined as the discrepancy of a finite point set. Then, from number theory, a particular sequence of numbers is us...

investment casting is a versatile manufacturing process to produce high quality parts with high dimensional accuracy. the process begins with the manufacture of wax patterns. the dimensional accuracy of the model affects the quality of the finished part. the present study investigated the control and optimization of dimensional deviations in wax patterns. a mold for an h-shaped wax pattern was ...

Objectives: An efficient, safe, affordable and easily accessible measuring instrument for quantitative assessment of bone prior to dental implant placement enables more accurate treatment planning. Costly imaging modalities are neither widely available, nor affordable for some patients. This study sought to assess the efficacy of a newly designed digital bone gauge for measurement of bone width...

Three-dimensional measurement technology has recently been used for various applications such as human modeling, cultural properties recording, machine inspection of industrial parts, and robot vision. The light-section method and coded structured light projection method are well-known active measurement methods that can accurately obtain three-dimensional shapes by projecting light patterns on...

Accuracy assessment methods are necessary for functional data used in simulation-based design optimization to ensure model and optimal solution validity. Although many error metrics exist and perform well for one-dimensional (1D) applications, the suitability of such metrics for higher dimensional functional data, such as two-dimensional (2D) performance maps, have been largely unexplored. This...

in this paper, the two-dimensional triangular orthogonal functions (2d-tfs) are applied for solving a class of nonlinear two-dimensional volterra integral equations. 2d-tfs method transforms these integral equations into a system of linear algebraic equations. the high accuracy of this method is verified through a numerical example and comparison of the results with the other numerical methods.

BACKGROUND Orthopaedic research projects focusing on small displacements in a small measurement volume require a radiation free, three dimensional motion analysis system. A stereophotogrammetrical motion analysis system can track wireless, small, light-weight markers attached to the objects. Thereby the disturbance of the measured objects through the marker tracking can be kept at minimum. The ...

This paper investigates the Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar sensor for multi-target displacement measurement in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). The principle of three-dimensional (3-D) displacement measurement of civil infrastructures is analyzed. The requirements of high-accuracy displacement and multi-target identification for the measuring sensors are discussed. The fun...