We report an experimental and theoretical study of the birefringence of two-dimensional photonic crystals in the spectral region below the first photonic band gap. Transmission spectroscopy is used to measure the birefringence of a sample composed of a triangular lattice of air cylinders in silicon, with a cylinder radius of 0.644 mm and a lattice pitch of 1.5 mm. The measured birefringence ~de...

Selective thermal emission in a useful range of energies from a material operating at high temperatures is required for effective solar thermophotovoltaic energy conversion. Three-dimensional metallic photonic crystals can exhibit spectral emissivity that is modified compared with the emissivity of unstructured metals, resulting in an emission spectrum useful for solar thermophotovoltaics. Howe...

To clarify the nature of photonic band gaps, a series of calculations on two-dimensional photonic crystals is undertaken. Systems that possess a large gap for one polarization and no gap for the other polarization are analyzed. Two features of a photonic crystal that give rise to a large photonic band gap for each polarization, i.e., connectivity and concentration of the dielectric material, ar...

Three dimensional photonic crystals can be modeled by the Maxwell equations as a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEVP). Simulations based on the numerical solutions of the GEVP are used to reveal physical properties and boost innovative applications of photonic crystals. However, to solve these GEVP remains a computational challenge in both timing and accuracy. The GEVP corresponding to the pho...

1.1 Photonic crystals In this chapter we will focus on two-dimensional photonic crystal devices and emphasize their use as building blocks in photonic integrated circuits with applications in high bandwidth optical communication systems. In particular we will discuss recent progress in designing high quality (Q) factor resonant cavities for building efficient microand nanocavity lasers. The fir...

We demonstrate the existence of self-consistent Bloch modes in resonant nonlinear photonic crystals with a complex, intensity-dependent, and frequency-dependent dielectric function. Such a dielectric response may arise by "doping" the photonic crystal with resonant quantum dots, atomic impurities, or other two-level light emitters. These exact solutions of the nonlinear electromagnetic wave equ...

In this communication, a new class of photonic materials, namely, two-dimensional titanium oxide-based photonic crystals, are proposed and were fabricated with an electrochemical anodization method. The high structural periodicity of the nanostructures, and the feasible variability of the chemical compositions help to realize tunable photonic bandgaps for selective light absorption in broad wav...

We present a method for directly analyzing photonic nanodevices and apply it to photonic crystal cavities. Two-dimensional photonic crystals are scanned and reproduced in computer memory for Finite Difference Time Domain simuations. The results closely match experimental observations, with a fidelity far beyond that for idealized structures. This analysis allows close examination of error mecha...

ultra-short pulse is a promising technology for achieving ultra-high data rate transmission which is required to follow the increased demand of data transport over an optical communication system. therefore, the propagation of such type of pulses and the effects that it may suffer during its transmission through an optical waveguide has received a great deal of attention in the recent years. we...

Spectral and directional reshaping of fluorescence from dye molecules embedded in self-assembled hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals has been examined. The hybrid crystals comprise two-dimensional hexagonal arrays of dye-doped dielectric nanospheres, capped with silver semishells. Comparing the reshaped fluorescence spectra with measured transmission/reflection spectra and numerical calculations...