We present an algorithm for ray tracing displacement maps that requires no additional storage over the base model. Displacement maps are rarely used in ray tracing due to the cost associated with storing and intersecting the displaced geometry. This is unfortunate because displacement maps allow the addition of large amounts of geometric complexity into models. Our method works for models compo...

Abstract Caisson foundations, typically adopted for both onshore and offshore structures, are usually subject to combined loading acting during working conditions exceptional events such as earthquakes. Assessment of their performance under general loadings is therefore fundamental, serviceability ultimate limit states. In this study, a simplified displacement-based approach, aimed at prelimina...

The paper presents results of computational experiments in which the impact of design representations on the performance of an evolutionary multiobjective structural design processes was investigated. Specifically, two classes of design representations (i.e., direct representations and generative representations) were used to minimize the total weight and the maximum horizontal displacement of ...

Abstract Although the construction of concrete piles has a relevant environmental footprint, they are commonly used to reduce settlements embankments on soft soil strata. A more sustainable choice further (and, consequently, number piles) is place geosynthetics below embankment. However, existing design methods cannot calculate at embankment top and be optimise in displacement-based design. In ...