An intense debate exists on the effects of post-fire salvage logging on plant community regeneration, but scant data are available derived from experimental studies. We analyzed the effects of salvage logging on plant community regeneration in terms of species richness, diversity, cover, and composition by experimentally managing a burnt forest on a Mediterranean mountain (Sierra Nevada, S Spai...

In Swedish forestry, final felling is usually done by a harvester and a forwarder. These machines are heavy and the risk for rutting and soil compaction can be considerable under unfavourable soil conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of forwarder tyre inflation pressure on rutting and soil compaction after final felling. Three levels of forwarder tyre pressure were studied,...

In design and analysis, standard references assume the pedestrian flow as unidirectional. In reality however, pedestrian flow is usually bi-directional. The main question pursued in this paper is that whether the main characteristics of pedestrian flow the same under uni- and bi-directional conditions. In order to achieve this goal, effect of bi-directional stream is inv...

The dogleg severity is one of the most important parameters in directional drilling. Improvement of these indicators actually means choosing the best conditions for the directional drilling in order to reach the target point. Selection of high levels of the dogleg severity actually means minimizing well trajectory, but on the other hand, increases fatigue in drill string, increases torque and d...

In mechanized ground-based forestry, machines operate on rough soils that, ideally, should remain unaffected by the operation. This implies small (that is, light) loads and careful driving are required. However, economical rationality implies large loads and high speeds. Recently, the concept of adding a trailer to a conventional forwarder has been revived, with the objective of addressing both...

it is well-known that severe deformation to metals causes a direct grain refinement of the matrix without special heat-treatments due to the mechanism of dynamic continuous recrystallization (dcr). however, the microstructural revolution during severe deformation is seemed to be different depending on the deformation mode, namely the direction of deformation. in general, multi-directional defor...