The intervertebral disc is a complex structure responsible for flexibility, multi-axial motion, and load transmission throughout the spine. Importantly, degeneration of the intervertebral disc is thought to be an initiating factor for back pain. Due to a lack of understanding of the pathways that govern disc degeneration, there are currently no disease-modifying treatments to delay or prevent d...

Disc cutter is Full face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) important rock breaking tool, cutting heat generation has an important influence on cutter life, disc cutter cutting temperature characteristic research be imperative. Based on heat conduction theory to establish disc cutter cutting temperature heat conduction model, and derive its solution; analyze influence on disc cutter cutting tempe...

There are errors in identification steps 1a and 1b in the “Key to the families of Order Myliobatiformes” subsection of the Results. The correct step 1a is: Disc broad and laterally expanded with wing like pectoral fin, disc width more than 1.3 times disc length (Fig 5A & 5B). . .. . .2. The correct step 1b is: Disc not greatly expanded, diamond or round shaped, disc width less than 1.3 times di...

Intervertebral disc metabolic transport is essential to the functional spine and provides the cells with the nutrients necessary to tissue maintenance. Disc degenerative changes alter the tissue mechanics, but interactions between mechanical loading and disc transport are still an open issue. A poromechanical finite element model of the human disc was coupled with oxygen and lactate transport m...

BACKGROUND Several scoring systems for cervical disc and facet joint degeneration, using radiography or computed tomography, have been developed and tested for reliability. However, definitions of disc height and facet joint space narrowing vary. To our knowledge, no study has reported quantitative data for normal radiologic values of the cervical spine in the Korean population. The purpose of ...

A herniated intervertebral disc is the most common type of soft tissue mass lesion within the lumbar spinal canal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool for the assessment of patients with lower back pain and radiating pain, especially intervertebral disc herniation. MRI findings of intervertebral disc herniation are typical. However, from time to time, despite an apparently classic...

The present investigation was based on study of stool sample collected from 15 children suffering from diarrhea, Cholera, Gastroenteritis. It includes biochemical & microbiological examination of bacteria which is considered to be etiological agent of enteric disease. After biochemical, microbiological morphology study and Gram staining technique and using PIB WIN soft ware mainly five types of...

Cervical disc replacement is an emerging motion-preserving technology in the surgical treatment of the cervical degenerative disc disorders used as an alternative to the classic interbody fusion. We present a case report of a patient diagnosed with C6-7 right disc herniation who underwent anterior discectomy and received a total disc replacement using ProDisc C artificial disc prosthesis.

PURPOSE To compare the rates of detection of optic disc hemorrhages by clinical examination and by review of optic disc photographs at the Optic Disc Reading Center (ODRC), to assess the incidence of and the predictive factors for disc hemorrhages in the annual disc photographs of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS), and to determine whether optic disc hemorrhages predict the develop...