We report on the development and performance of a gas sensor based on a quantum cascade laser operating at a wavelength of approximately 10 microns to measure ethylene (C2H4) concentrations by use of a rotational component of the fundamental nu 7 band. The laser is thermoelectrically cooled and operates in a pulsed mode. The influence of pulse-to-pulse fluctuations is minimized by use of a refe...

To make a robust document images from badly degraded images it is necessary to discriminating a text from background images but it is a very challenging task. There are so many binarization techniques can be used for making the document pictures reliable. But problem of thresholding and filtering cannot be solved. In the existing method, edge based segmentation can be done and Canny edge detect...

A new procedure, AXES, is introduced for fitting small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data to macromolecular structures and ensembles of structures. By using explicit water models to account for the effect of solvent, and by restricting the adjustable fitting parameters to those that dominate experimental uncertainties, including sample/buffer rescaling, detector dark current, and, within a narr...

Discriminating between ν µ ↔ ν τ and ν µ ↔ ν sterile in atmospheric ν µ oscillations with the Super–Kamiokande detector. Abstract. A strong body of evidence now exists for atmospheric ν µ disappearance oscillations. Such disappearance could be explained by oscillations to either ν τ or a " sterile " neutrino (ν s). Super–Kamiokande uses three different methods to distinguish between these two s...

We examine how local direction signals are combined to compute the focus of radial motion (FRM) in random dot patterns and examine how this process changes across the visual field. Equivalent noise analysis showed that a loss in FRM accuracy was largely attributable to an increase in local motion detector noise with little or no change in efficiency across the visual field. The minimum separati...

Motivated by the need for correct characterization and operation of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), three methods for discriminating between singleand multi-photon triggering in a single CMOS SPAD are compared. The first method, utilizing a measurement of the avalanche’s quench time, correctly distinguishes between avalanches initiated by one photon or 100 incident photons with p > 0.80...

This paper addresses a problem of restoring handwritten archival documents by recovering their contents from the interfering handwriting on the reverse side caused by the seeping of ink. We present a novel method that works by first matching both sides of a document such that the interfering strokes are mapped with the corresponding strokes originating from the reverse side. This facilitates th...

We demonstrate the synthesis of intermediary views within a sequence of color encoded, materials discriminating, X-ray images that exhibit animated depth in a visual display. During the image acquisition process, the requirement for a linear X-ray detector array is replaced by synthetic image. Scale Invariant Feature Transform, SIFT, in combination with material segmented morphing is employed t...

Introduction: Many photogeologic studies and very recent results from orbital geochemical mapping experiments are consistent with the presence of shallow subsurface ice deposits on Mars. The next step in studying these deposits will be to visit them on the surface, probably with mobile robotic explorers. In order for such rover missions to be successful, they must carry instruments capable of i...

Information divergences are commonly used to measure the dissimilarity of two elements on a statistical manifold. Differentiable manifolds endowed with different may possess geometric properties, which can result in totally performances many practical applications. In this paper, we propose total Bregman divergence-based matrix information geometry (TBD-MIG) detector and apply it detect targets...