Disinfection of plant material is the most important step of the tissue culture protocol. In this process, an attempt is made to eliminate microbial contaminants from the surface and interior of plant material, thus giving the explant a fighting chance at survival in vitro. Initial cultures of Anthurium species and cultivars, which are usually established from ex vitro material grown in a green...

Decentralized, energy-efficient waste water treatment technologies enabling water reuse are needed to sustainably address sanitation needs in water- and energy-scarce environments. Here, we describe the effects of repeated recycling of disinfected blackwater (as flush liquid) on the energy required to achieve full disinfection with an electrochemical process in a prototype toilet system. The re...

Disinfection is a very important unit process to deactivate coliform bacteria in treated wastewater. However, regrowth potential of coliform bacteria raises human health and safety concerns associated with reuse of treated wastewater in various applications. Both post chlorination and post UV disinfection regrowth have been reported in the literature. In view of increasing use of recycled waste...

The processes used for producing potable water are not intended to produce bacteria-free water; rather, they are concerned with removing microorganisms that are a potential health threat and making water aesthetically pleasing. The types of processes used to treat water appear to have relatively little effect on the types of bacteria that can pass through the treatment process, although disinfe...

Tests of effectiveness of disinfection of metal and polypropylene bedpans were made in a washer fitted with a steam generator. Broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus faecalis (approximately 4 x 10(8) organisms) were sealed in lengths of capillary tubing and attached to the surface of the pans. In other tests, pans were contaminated wi...

Background. Adherence to hygiene guidelines is of utmost importance for healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge on and the adherence to hygiene guidelines among medical students in Austria. Additionally, a possible difference between female and male students was investigated. Methods. An open paper-based survey among third-year medical students at the Medic...

A new sand filtration water disinfection technology is developed which relies on the antimicrobial properties of hydrophobic polycations (N-hexylated polyethylenimine) covalently attached to the sand's surface. The efficacy of the filter disinfection process was evaluated both with water spiked with E. coli and with real aqueous effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. For the former, over 7...

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of regularly used disinfectant solution in the disinfection of acrylic resin specimens contaminated with Candida albicans. Materials and methods: Thirty six acrylic resin specimens contaminated in vitro with 1.5×10 8 cfu/ml suspensions of microorganisms were immersed in disinfectants for 10 minutes, the control group was not submitted ...

The production of beer is characterized by the consumption of large volumes of fresh water. Whereas, cleaning operations are the highest water consumption demanding activities in breweries. Commonly “Cleaning In Place” (CIP) systems are used in closed processing lines. These consist of automatic cleaning and disinfection programs based on a succession of several solutions of water, cleaning che...