With the increasing number of cross-broader transactions (CBT) that are facilitated by China UnionPay (CUP), international cardholder disputes are receiving more attention. However, according to a recently released internal statistic report, only a very small fraction was satisfactorily resolved from the cardholders’ perspective. Unresolved disputes not only bring unavoidable financial loss to ...

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) allows each autonomous system (AS) to select routes to destinations based on semantically-rich and locally-determined policies. This autonomously exercised policy freedom can cause instability, where unresolvable policy-based disputes in the network result in interdomain route oscillations. Several recent works have established that such instabilities can only ...

The authors discuss the various approaches to resolving trade disputes available to Member Countries of the OIE (World organisation for animal health). The paper first describes the rights and obligations of Member Countries in setting health measures for the importation of animals and animal products, according to the provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on the Applicatio...

In this paper we define agreement in terms of shared public commitments, and implicit agreement is conditioned on the semantics of the relational speech acts (e.g., Narration, Explanation) that each agent performs. We provide a consistent interpretation of disputes, and updating a logical form with the current utterance always involves extending it and not revising it, even if the current utter...

In standard belief models, priors are always common knowledge. This prevents such models from representing agents’ probabilistic beliefs about the origins of their priors. By embedding standard models in a larger standard model, however, pre-priors can describe such beliefs. When an agent’s prior and pre-prior are mutually consistent, he must believe that his prior would only have been differen...

Executive Summary The paper analyzes the process of resolving interstate water disputes. Indian water-dispute settlement mechanisms are ambiguous and opaque. A cooperative bargaining framework suggests that water can be shared efficiently, with compensating transfers as necessary, if initial water rights are well-defined, and if institutions to facilitate and implement cooperative agreements ar...