The main role of conservation planning is to design reserve networks to protect biodiversity in situ. Research within the field of conservation planning has focused on the development of theories and tools to design reserve networks that protect biodiversity in an efficient and representative manner. Whilst much progress has been made in this regard, there has been limited assessment of the sen...

extended abstract 1. introduction at the beginning of the 3rd millennium, future studies (foresight) have been involved in the discovery, innovation and assessment of possible, probable and desirable futures as well as analyzing past procedures; such an approach is the objective evidence of what gaston berger has stated about the future, that is “see the future and disrupt its framework” (godet...

This paper argues that the contribution of trade preferences to economic development needs to be reappraised in light of the growth of globalised trade in manufactures. Trade preferences may be able to act as a catalyst for manufacturing exports, leading to rapid growth in exports and employment. To do so, preferences need to be designed to be consistent with international trade in fragmented ‘...

Ukraine became independent in 1991 and formally abandoned central planning. But the development of market methods of input supply and product distribution was impeded by continuing price distortions and the survival of various methods of administrative commodity allocation from the central planning period. This paper outlines the background environment of central planning in Ukraine, reviews th...

The authors of this brief interviewed stakeholders in states with high-ranking and low-ranking health system performance, according to The Commonwealth Fund's State Scorecard on Health System Performance. Findings suggest there are market, political, and cultural characteristics that can help or hinder health system improvement. High-performing states are more likely to have: (1) a history of c...

this article is investigating the town and country planning in austria. although according to new definitions spatial planning in austria has been started during fifties and sixties of the twentieth century, the issue has been set seriously on the l?nder's agenda of planning as the main authorities since establishing austrian conference on regional planning (?rok) in 1971.the programs impl...

Due to the widespread deployment of distributed energy resources (DERs) and the liberalization of electricity market, traditional distribution networks are undergoing a transition to active distribution systems (ADSs), and the traditional deterministic planning methods have become unsuitable under the high penetration of DERs. Aiming to develop appropriate models and methodologies for the plann...

one of the guidelines of development that in first decode after islamic iran revolution, to accessing to development is rural area, prepared and implemented, is physical planning projects that as the most important official document and legal of the development of one village in our country is considered and has a place like place of urban collector and physical planning projects for village. b...