Stable isotopes of nitrogen are potentially a valuable tool for regional assessments of nitrogen saturation because they provide an integrated measure of the past nitrogen cycling history of a site. We measured dN of soil and litter, as well as net nitrification potential, at three sites across a nitrate-loss gradient in the White Mountains, New Hampshire to test the hypotheses: (1) that dN in ...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most serious chronic complications of diabetes; 20-40% of diabetic patients develop into end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, exact pathogenesis of DN is not fully clear and we have great difficulties in curing DN; poor treatment of DN led to high chances of mortality worldwide. A lot of western medicines such as ACEI and ARB have been demonstrated to protec...

Patients with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and lymphoproliferation (LPR) mice are deficient in Fas, and accumulate large numbers of αβ-TCR(+), CD4(-), CD8(-) double negative (DN) T cells. The function of these DN T cells remains largely unknown. The common γ subunit of the activating Fc receptors, FcRγ, plays an important role in mediating innate immune responses. We have show...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common and characteristic microvascular complication of diabetes; the mechanisms that cause DN have not been clarified, and the epigenetic mechanism was promised in the pathology of DN. Furthermore, ubiquitination and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) were involved in the progression of DN. MG132, as a ubiquitin proteasome, could improve renal injury by regulat...

1. Abstract characterization of Dn The group Dn has two generators r and s with orders n and 2 such that srs−1 = r−1. We will show any group with a pair of generators like r and s (except for their order) admits a homomorphism onto it from Dn, and is isomorphic to Dn if it has the same size as Dn. Theorem 1.1. Let G be generated by elements a and b where an = 1 for some n ≥ 3, b2 = 1, and bab−1...

An energy equation for fatigue crack growth in adhesive joints is proposed. Fatigue experiment on DCB joint specimens was used to derive the relation between rate (da/dN) and variables this equation. The result shows plastic dissipation change stored strain energy, whose with da/dN both depending stress ratio, are not straightforwardly related da/dN. dissipated new surface formation variable th...