This paper shows that base doping profiles obtained using any iterative scheme for reducing the base transit time T{, in bipolar transistors for a given neutral base width must take into account the heavy doping effects implicitly. Comparing our results with those reported earlier, we demonstrate that if the heavy doping effects are not implicitly included in the iterative scheme it will result...

The design of stacks of layered materials in which adjacent layers interact by van der Waals forces has enabled the combination of various two-dimensional crystals with different electrical, optical and mechanical properties as well as the emergence of novel physical phenomena and device functionality. Here, we report photoinduced doping in van der Waals heterostructures consisting of graphene ...

BACKGROUND Use of genetic doping or gene transfer technology will be the newest and the lethal method of doping in future and have some unpleasant consequences for sports, athletes, and outcomes of competitions. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) defines genetic doping as "the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements, and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance "....

High-resolution atomic pair distribution functions have been obtained using neutron powder diffraction data from La2-xSrxCuO4 over the range of doping 0<or=x<or=0.30 at 10 K. Despite the average structure getting less orthorhombic, we see a broadening of the in-plane Cu-O bond distribution as a function of doping up to optimal doping. Thereafter the peak abruptly sharpens. The peak broadening c...

An alternative Chemical Vapor Doping (CVDo) method for doping transparent and conductive films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is presented. The different effects between the traditional solution doping process and the proposed vapor doping method are compared in detail by means of optical microscopy, SEM, sheet resistance measurements, and Raman and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. It was shown that the le...

Taking performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) can cause serious and irreversible health consequences, which can ultimately lead to premature death. Some young people may take PEDs without fully understanding the ramifications of their actions or based on the advice from others. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the main factors that predicted doping among young people. The liter...

Scalable and low-cost doping of graphene could improve technologies in a wide range of fields such as microelectronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage. While achieving strong p-doping is relatively straightforward, non-electrostatic approaches to n-dope graphene, such as chemical doping, have yielded electron densities of 9.5 × 10(12) e/cm(2) or below. Furthermore, chemical doping is susce...

BACKGROUND Doping is a highly relevant problem in sport, even in adolescent athletes. Knowledge of the psychological factors that influence doping susceptibility in young elite athletes remains sparse. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the predictive potential of different health-psychological constructs and well-being on doping susceptibility. The main hypotheses to be tested were positive ...

The (π, π) shadow band (SB) in La-based cuprate family (La214) was studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) over a wide doping range from x = 0.01 to x = 0.25. Unlike the well-studied case of the Bi-based cuprate family, an overall strong, monotonic doping dependence of the SB intensity at the Fermi level (EF ) was observed. In contrast to a previous report for the presence ...