The credit guarantee system for small and medium enterprises (SMEs, here in after) has been established for more than 10 years in China. There are so many problems resulting in low-effective operation of the credit guarantee system, such as the risks share and amplification multiple of guarantee determined by financial institutions and guarantee organization to reasonably are unreasonable. Aimi...

Trust is a key determinants of any financial transaction. Exchanges in insurance markets are a particular type of financial transaction where a current payment – the premium – is exchanges for a promise of a future, contingent payment – the indemnity due when the casualty occurs. We argue that trust is key in fostering these type of exchanges. Trust enters two ways: because it affects the willi...

In the past decades, Italian hygienic requirements for dwellings have been modified by multiple derogations. Aim of the present work is to analyse the derogations introduced at a national, regional, and local level. The most important derogations were related to the habitable use of semi-basements and garrets, and building restoration. The paper also describes the regulations regarding indemnit...

In the mid-twentieth century, Ontario abandoned a simple, full indemnity costs rule in favour of discretionary, partial regime with hundreds sub-rules. This article argues that this was mistake. Partial has no doctrinal, principled, or practical benefits cannot be incorporated into regime. Additionally, carries significant to access justice. Instead, proposes incorporates best features both old...

theoretically and empirically, it has been often argued that production uncertainty affects the farmers’ production efficiency. insurance can play an impactful role in reducing the uncertainty and, consequently, increasing the investment. using multilevel models, we examined the effect of agricultural insurance programs on investment in the agricultural sector of khorasan razavi province. the c...

Background Created in 1913, the California workers’ compensation system constitutionally guarantees workers the right to compensation for workplace injuries, including coverage of medical treatment required to “cure and relieve” the injury. When injured workers are unable to work or suffer severe injuries, they also may receive indemnity benefits in the form of temporary or permanent disability...