In two-dimensional Yang-Mills and generalized Yang-Mills theories for large gauge groups, there is a dominant representation determining the thermodynamic limit of the system. This representation is characterized by a density the value of which should everywhere be between zero and one. This density itself is determined through a saddle-point analysis. For some values of the parameter space, th...

Given a set of functions F = {f1, . . . , fm} ⊂ L2(R), we study the problem of finding the shift-invariant space V with n generators {φ1, . . . , φn} that is “closest” to the functions of F in the sense that V = argminV ′∈Vn m X i=1 wi‖fi − PV ′fi‖, where wis are positive weights, and Vn is the set of all shift-invariant spaces that can be generated by n or less generators. The Eckart-Young The...

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) were monitored for 4 years following three wildfires. Logistic regression analyses were used to develop models predicting the probability of attack by Douglas-fir beetle (Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins, 1905) and the probability of Douglas-fir mortality within 4 years following fire. Percent crown volume scorched (crown scorch), cambium inju...

The Douglas–Rachford algorithm is a popular method for finding zeros of sums of monotone operators. By its definition, the Douglas–Rachford operator is not symmetric with respect to the order of the two operators. In this paper we provide a systematic study of the two possible Douglas–Rachford operators. We show that the reflectors of the underlying operators act as bijections between the fixed...

In this paper a re-examination of the original time-series data sets used by Professor Douglas and associated researchers to establish the existence of an aggregate production function is undertaken. Particular attention is paid to the issue of whether the data provide deductive support for the ‘Laws of Production’ as claimed by Douglas (1948). Various statistical methods are used to analyse th...

Climate change provides new challenges to Nordic forestry. Use of non-native species, such as Douglas fir, can be a means of mitigating the effects of climate change and meeting the growing demand for biomass. When Douglas fir is grown in Sweden, it is several degrees of latitude north of its normal range, which can affect timing of growth cessation, hardening of seedlings, and seedling storabi...