BACKGROUND The reason for the higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury from non-contact mechanisms in female athletes is not known. Stability of the joint from dynamic restraints occurs through proprioceptive and kinaesthetic mechanisms providing a flexion moment. Reflexive muscle activation is different between the sexes, but it is unclear if sex differences exist in the ability t...

OBJECTIVES Prior injury to the knee, particularly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, is known to predispose one to premature osteoarthritis (OA). The study sought to explore if there was a biomechanical rationale for this process by investigating changes in external knee moments between people with a history of ACL injury and uninjured participants during walking: (1) on different surface...

Hoffman BW, Cresswell AG, Carroll TJ, Lichtwark GA. Muscle fascicle strains in human gastrocnemius during backward downhill walking. J Appl Physiol 116: 1455–1462, 2014. First published April 4, 2013; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01431.2012.—Extensive muscle damage can be induced in isolated muscle preparations by performing a small number of stretches during muscle activation. While typically thes...

For the safety problem of heavy duty vehicles running on long downhill sections, a model was built for the application of engine brake and service brake combination based on test results. And a model of brake temperature rise for heavy duty vehicles running on long downhill sections was also established. For different braking modes, gear positions, speed and downhill slopes, brake temperature r...

Energy cost of transport per unit distance (CoT; J·kg-1·km-1) displays a U-shaped fashion in walking and a linear fashion in running as a function of gait speed (v; km·h-1). There exists an intersection between U-shaped and linear CoT-v relationships, being termed energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS; km·h-1). Combined effects of gradient and moderate normobaric hypoxia (15.0% O2) were ...

The purposes of this study were 1) to confirm whether there is a difference in the levels of blood lactate and ammonia after supramaximal uphill and downhill running for the same short duration and 2) to examine the relationship between peak blood lactate levels and work/lean body mass (LBM), as well as the relationship between peak blood ammonia levels and work/LBM following supramaximal uphil...