Anti-myelin basic protein (MBP) autoreactive T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Thus, we applied the Immunoscope strategy to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of an HLA-DR2 patient. Both compartments showed major expansion for the V(beta)13S5 chain, which was associated in peripheral blood with significant proliferation of PBLs in ...

Flow accumulation algorithms (FAAs) predict the cumulative upstream drainage but each FAA generates a different map and this uncertainty still remains unsolved. This study makes advances in flow path research by testing 8 FAAs and analyzing the uncertainties of 15 simulations. The DR2-2013 © SAGAv1.0 hydrological software is presented in a study carried out for two catchment lakes (NE Spain) ov...

T cell-mediated destruction of the myelin sheath causes inflammatory damage of the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS). The major T and B cell responses in MS patients who are HLA-DR2 (about two-thirds of MS patients) react to a region between residues 84 and 103 of myelin basic protein (1 ). The crystal structure of HLA-DR2 complexed with myelin basic protein(84-102) confirmed that Lys(91) is the m...

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) release Ca(2+) to initiate striated muscle contraction. Three highly divergent regions (DRs) in the RyR protein sequence (DR1, DR2, and DR3) may confer isoform-specific functional properties to the RyRs. We used cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements to localize these DRs to the cryoelectron microscopic (cryo-EM) map of the skeletal musc...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a nonspecific acute and chronic inflammatory bowel disease that diffusely involves the colonic mucosa. The etiology of UC has not yet been elucidated fully. However, many studies have found that immunologic disorders may play a role in the pathogenesis of UC. In addition, due to an increased frequency of UC in families, especially an increased monozygotic compared...

? = 0(r = 0), i^=-F(i), (r=l) dr u dr where Fit) is an empirical function of t. In all cases, as far as the authors are aware, the differential coefficients in (1) are considered separately when replaced by differences, and the principal term in du the truncation error of any difference formula obtained in this way contains — and ö u —Z-. This can be seen by obtaining the time derivatives of u ...

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus encodes a protein, kaposin B, which is composed of multiple copies of 23-amino-acid direct repeats, termed DR2 and DR1. Kaposin B enhances the release of pathogenetically important proinflammatory cytokines by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-MK2 kinase pathway and blocking cytokine mRNA decay. Here, we show that this mRNA stabil...