recently, economists have attention to the brain drain as emigration of skilled and educated labor force from developing countries. in this case, we are dealing with one main question is: how brain drain can affect the human capital of source countries? based on existing theories, brain drain can affect the economy of source countries in different ways such as; direct reduction of human capital...

surface and subsurface water collection in small seasonal rivers is very crucial, particularly in dry seasons. in this study a type of intake is introduced which acts as a river drainage network. an experimental model of the subsurface intake was constructed and the effective parameters such as upstream discharge, installation depth, and drain intervals were evaluated. the results showed that t...

in Chinese. Foreign collaborations have also been funded by western agencies, including the Royal Society, but in these cases the funding is paid out to her foreign collaborators. A decade after what must have appeared as a very brave move at the time, Perrett is still enthusiastic about the opportunities she enjoys in Beijing. “It’s an exciting time for science in China!” she says. “The fact t...

Mathematics anxiety negatively affects performance in simple arithmetic tasks. The experiment reported here explored the role of interactivity in defusing the impact of math anxiety on mental arithmetic. Participants were invited to complete additions presented on paper without using their hands or any artefact; in a second, interactive, condition, the same problems were presented in the form o...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure, after which drains are placed routinely. This study aims to assess the benefits of placing postoperative drains, its complications and affects on postoperative stay, in thyroid lobectomy. METHODOLOGY Randomized Clinical Trial of 60 goitre patients undergoing lobectomy was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi, during July'11...

Hot-carrier (HC) degradation and negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) of MOS devices are the two most important reliability concerns for deep submicron (DSM) designs. HC degradation occurs when the channel electrons are accelerated in the high electric field near the drain of the MOS device and create interface states, electron traps, or hole traps in the gate oxide near the drain. LDD ...

Lumbar spinal fluid drainage is a common procedure to reduce the risks of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula after skull base fractures or various transdural neurosurgical procedures. Nevertheless, this simple and effective technique can lead to overdrainage and CSF hypovolaemia. This report describes the case of a young patient who had a lumbar drain inserted, to avoid CSF fistula after a pteri...