This paper considers the cost of preprocessing a digital terrain model (DTM) represented as a trian-gulated irregular network (TIN) so that drainage queries|e.g., what is the watershed of a query point, or how much water passes through a point given that rain is falling at a known rate|can be answered by simply evaluating a summary function. Although the worst-case storage and preprocessing cos...

One of the most important features topographic maps is stream network. Its accurate representation essential for several applications. This work evaluates quality network Brazil and Portugal's official maps. These were produced using different scales (1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000) methods (photo interpretation automatic drainage extraction). The intention this analysis to focus on data analysis...

River networks evolve as migrating drainage divides reshape river basins and change network topology by capture of river channels. We demonstrate that a characteristic metric of river network geometry gauges the horizontal motion of drainage divides. Assessing this metric throughout a landscape maps the dynamic states of entire river networks, revealing diverse conditions: Drainage divides in t...

The impact of varying the pH of whey at whey drainage (5.9, 6.15 or 6.4) on the development of curd structure during the manufacture of Mozzarella cheese was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Dramatic changes in curd structure were apparent with stage of manufacture , in particular the stretching step which aligned the protein fibers. Of additional interest is the effect of draw ...

A major emphasis in geomorphology over the past six decades has been on the development of quantitative physiographic methods to describe the evolution and behavior of surface-drainage networks (Horton 1945; Leopold & Maddock 1953; Leopold & Wolman 1957; Abrahams 1984). These parameters have been used in various studies of geomorphology and surface-water hydrology, such as flood characteristics...

[1] Numerical landscape evolution models driven by uniform vertical uplift often develop a static drainage network and a precise balance between uplift and erosion. Small-scale physical models of uplifting drainage basins, however, continually reorganize by ridge migration and do not reach an ideal steady state. Here I show that the presence or absence of persistent drainage migration in a bedr...