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Fuzzy graphs (FGs), broadly known as fuzzy incidence (FIGs), have been recognized being an effective tool to tackle real-world problems in which vague data and information are essential. Dominating sets (DSs) multiple applications diverse areas of life. In wireless networking, DSs used find efficient routes with ad hoc mobile networks. this paper, we extend the concept domination FGs FIGs show ...

Floral longevity reflects a balance between gains in pollinator visitation and the costs of flower maintenance. Because rewards to pollinators change over time, older flowers may be less attractive, reducing the value of extended longevity. Un-pollinated figs, the inflorescences of Ficus species, can remain receptive for long periods, but figs that are older when entered by their host-specific ...

Host-parasites interaction is a common phenomenon in nature. Diffusive coevolution might maintain stable cooperation in a fig-fig wasps system, in which the exploiter might diversify their genotype, phenotype, or behavior as a result of competition with pollinator, whereas the figs change flower syconia, fruits thickness, and syconia structure. In functionally dioecious Ficus auriculata, male f...

We assessed the changes in the plasma Aβ, oxidative stress/antioxidants, and membrane bound enzymes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice (Tg2576) after dietary supplementation of Omani figs fruits for 15 months along with spatial memory and learning test. AD Tg mice on control diet without figs showed significant impairment in spatial learning abili...

Ochratoxin A is a toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite; its presence in foods is increasingly regulated. Various fungi are known to produce ochratoxins, but it is not known which species produce ochratoxins consistently and which species cause ochratoxin contamination of various crops. We isolated fungi in the Aspergillus ochraceus group (section Circumdati) and Aspergillus alliac...

• Current FIGS often fails to capture elusive traits like plant resistance insects. Identifying conflicting or concurrent selection pressure on focal is vital. Nonadaptive processes gene flow and genetic drift should be incorporated. Metapopulation ecology the geographic mosaic of coevolution can help optimize FIGS. A new framework developed identify glowing evolutionary hotspots. Focused Ident...

As one of the most specialized pollination syndromes, the fig (Ficus)–fig wasp (Agaonidae) mutualism can shed light on how pollinator behaviour and specificity affect plant diversification through processes such as reproductive isolation and hybridization. Pollinator sharing among species has important implications for Ficus species delimitation and the evolutionary history of the mutualism. Al...